New progress has been made in the mechanism of rice specific small molecule RNA synthesis

Dicer-like (DCL) proteins in plants belong to class III RNases and are responsible for processing various types of small molecule RNA. Phased small RNA is a type of small-molecule RNA recently discovered in rice, including 21-nt and 24-nt forms. Among them, 24-nt long phased small RNA has not been reported in the model plant Arabidopsis. The synthesis and mechanism of action of this type of small molecule RNA is currently unclear.

Research by Cao Xiaofeng's laboratory at the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences found that multiple DCL proteins are involved in the synthesis of rice phased small RNA. The study found that OsDCL4 protein is responsible for the production of 21-nt phased small RNA; and OsDCL3b, whose function was previously unknown, is responsible for processing to produce 24-nt phased small RNA. The study confirmed that 21-nt and 24-nt phased small RNA are secondary small molecule RNAs mediated by two 22-nt miRNAs of miR2118 and miR2275, respectively. The synthesis of these two miRNAs mainly depends on OsDCL1. Finally, the study further revealed that these phased small RNAs are mainly or specifically expressed in rice stamens, and may be a conserved small molecule RNA of grasses, indicating the direction for the next study of the function of this type of small molecule RNA. .

This work revealed the role of rice DCL protein in the phased small RNA synthesis pathway, suggesting that this type of small molecule RNA may play an important role in the development of rice stamens.

The research results were published online in the Plant Journal on October 4th, DOI: 10.1111 / j.1365-313X.2011.04805.x. Dr. Song Xianwei, Li Pingchuan, Zhai Jixian, and Zhou Ming, PhD students of Cao Xiaofeng Laboratory, were co-first authors of the paper . The research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, 973, 863, and genetically modified projects.

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