Misunderstanding of Kyushu Shengxin Soil Nutrient Tester
The prerequisite for fertilization is to know how much nutrients the soil can supply and how much nutrients the crop needs to absorb. Calculate the amount of nutrients to be applied (mainly nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer) according to the difference between the two and the utilization rate of fertilizer.
Generally speaking, by consulting some plant nutrition textbooks or fertilizer use books, one can know the total amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrients that a crop needs to absorb to reach a yield of 50 kg and the utilization rate of fertilizers, and want to understand the soil nutrients The situation depends on the analysis of local soil samples.
The measured values ​​of soil nutrients we usually refer to are the test values ​​of conventional methods. This method is the experiment and practice of decades and even hundreds of years. It has universal practicability, reliability, comparability and repeatability. It is a classic method in the field of soil fertilizer and plant nutrition. However, the conventional method requires a certain amount of capital investment. Even if it does not include the investment of the house, the investment of reagents, glass instruments and analytical instruments should be at least 30,000 yuan. This condition is more difficult for agricultural technology promotion departments and individual plant owners at the township level. The quick test method came into being.
The quick test method refers to operations performed using some simple methods, including simple sample processing, simple sample extraction, simple instruments, and so on. The advantage is that the investment is small, the operation is simple, and does not require too high technical support. The soil (or soil fertilizer) rapid measuring instrument currently on the market is actually an improved version of the 72 colorimeter in China.
According to the instruction manual provided by the manufacturer, the author has done a comparison test, namely: (1) using the speed tester and the analysis method provided; (2) using conventional analysis methods to operate.
Through experimental comparison, it is found that: in the results obtained by the two analysis methods: soil available phosphorus has a certain correlation, available potassium has no correlation, and ammonium nitrogen is sometimes not correlated. The rapid test instrument basically does not introduce the measurement method of nitrate nitrogen. Therefore, according to the method introduced by the rapid tester, only the data of soil available phosphorus can be linked to the values ​​of conventional tests, while nitrogen and potassium, which are closely related to fertilization, can only be fertilized according to the amount described in the instrument manual, and cannot be compared with the conventional test values. Contact, so its scientificity and accuracy are questionable.
In addition, the failure of the rapid tester to measure nitrate nitrogen is also a major defect in guiding fertilization (because the routine test process of nitrate nitrogen is cumbersome, complicated to operate, and prone to errors, this method is not easy to measure quickly). As we all know, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrous nitrogen are three states that are easily absorbed by crops. After the fertilizer is applied to the soil, ammonium nitrogen is unstable in the soil. Under the action of nitrifying bacteria, it can be quickly converted into nitrate nitrogen. Although the content of nitrous nitrogen in the soil is very low, it is unstable and can also It is quickly converted to nitrate nitrogen, so the nitrate nitrogen content in the soil is generally higher than ammonium nitrogen, and the nitrite nitrogen content is the lowest.
Therefore, the best indicator for guiding fertilization is inorganic nitrogen, followed by nitrate nitrogen, and the worst indicator is ammonium nitrogen. The leaching agent used in the determination of effective potassium by the rapid tester is nothing more than sodium sulfate, sodium nitrate, calcium chloride, etc., and none of the recommended ammonium acetate in the routine analysis is used (because the ammonium ion in the ammonium acetate interferes with sodium tetraphenylborate Turbidimetry), so the data measured by the two can be understood without any correlation.
If fertilization is carried out according to the method described in the instruction manual of the rapid tester, (1) a large number of scientific experiments have not been conducted; (2) the recommended method itself has problems. Therefore, the current rapid test technology is inaccurate, and even suspected of misleading propaganda. How to simplify the conventional analysis method and develop a test method that can determine the content of soil inorganic nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium with simple instruments, and the obtained data is correlated with the data determined by the conventional analysis method to guide the fertilization This is one of the main contents of the work of soil and fertilizer workers.
At present, the Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences has initially explored how to use a "72" colorimeter, a soil speed tester, or a conventional "722" spectrophotometer to complete soil inorganic nitrogen, Determination method of available phosphorus and available potassium. Compared with conventional analysis methods, the measured data is basically consistent. This method has less investment, simple operation, and low testing cost. This is a guide to fertilization, so that agrochemical services are not in the form of meeting the needs of large-scale fertilizer sales farmers, plant owners, township-level, village-level and even farmers. Very meaningful.
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