Elements of Graphic Design Commonly Used Techniques (3)

(10) The texture texture is also called texture. Due to the different materials of the objects, the arrangement, organization and structure of the surfaces are different, resulting in rough feeling, smoothness and softness.

Texture creation method:

1. Changes in brushstrokes: Use the coarse, thin, hard, soft, heavy strokes and different arrangements of strokes to paint different texture effects.

2. Intuo: Using ink or paint to sculpt and naturally formed uneven surface, and then printed on the surface, will form a quaint texture rubbing.

3. Inkjet: After the dissolved paint is brushed down with an airbrush or a metal mesh and a toothbrush, the color material is sprayed on the paper as a mist.

4. Dyeing: With a surface with strong water absorption, liquid pigments can be used for rendering, infecting, and the paint will naturally spread on the surface, resulting in a natural and elegant texture effect.

5. Paper: Different types of paper, due to the different materials processed, the thickness, texture, and structure are different, or the artificial wrinkles and kneading produce special texture effects.

(11) Space The space we generally refer to refers to the two-dimensional space. The spatial sense of expression has the following points:

1. The use of the size of the sense of space: the same size of things, due to the size of the feeling of different distances, near the big and small. In the same plane, we have a large area and we feel very close.

2. The use of overlapping performance: in the plane of a shape stacked on top of another shape, there will be before and after the feeling of up and down, resulting in a sense of space.

3. The use of the shadow performance: the distinction of the shadow will make the object has a three-dimensional sense and the object's concave and convex feeling.

4. The use of interval density performance: small images or lines of density changes can produce a sense of space, in reality, such as a kind of curtain pattern, the pattern in its rolling place will become dense, small gap, more dense The farther it feels.

5. Use the change of the direction of the parallel line to represent: changing the direction of the arrangement of the parallel lines will produce a illusion of a three-dimensional element.

6. Color change to show: the use of color changes in the cold, warm colors away, warm colors close.

7. The performance of the texture change: The rough surface is close to the person, and the delicate surface feels away.

8. Expression of contradictory space: The so-called contradictory space means that it cannot exist in the real space, and only exists in the hypothetical space.

The graphic design is to combine different basic graphics and form patterns on the plane according to certain rules. The boundary between the map and the ground is divided by the outline within the scope of the second dimension, and the image is depicted. The sense of three-dimensional space represented by graphic design is not a real three-dimensional space, but merely an illusion space formed by the visual guidance of human beings.

(twelve) diagram and bottom

There is a contrast between the figure and the bottom, and the resulting relationship is set off. The blue sky, white clouds and red and green leaves in nature reflect the relationship between contrast and contrast. In the graphic design, the figure and the bottom are inseparable, and sometimes the relationship is reversed.

The use of diagrams and bottoms in design:

1. There is a feeling of high color brightness.

2. The convex image in the bump changes is positive.

3. In the area size comparison, there is a small picture.

4. There is a sense of shape in the shape surrounded by space.

5. In the static and dynamic two, dynamic with a sense of the picture.

6. Between the abstract and the figurative, there is a sense of imagery in the concrete.

7. In the geometric pattern, the bottom of the map can be determined according to the contrast relationship, and the larger the contrast, the easier it is to distinguish between the map and the bottom.

The reversal phenomenon of the graph and the bottom: Sometimes the characteristics of the graph and the bottom are very similar, and it is not easy to distinguish. This is the phenomenon of reversal of the graph.

(13) Breaking up and down is a method of composition of decomposition. It is to divide a complete thing into its parts and then reassemble it according to certain constitutional principles. This method is conducive to grasping the internal structure and characteristics of things, observing and deconstructing things from different perspectives, extracting abstract components from a figurative form, and using these abstract components to reconstruct a new form. New beauty.

(14) The expression of rhythm and rhythm is one of the constituent methods of expression dynamics. When the same element recurs periodically, it will form a sense of movement. This is a psychological activity of human beings. The expression of rhythm is that the picture is full of vitality. How is it formed?

1. One-time meta rhythmic expression: The basic form repeats the rhythm of one metaphor in a single direction, up, down, left and right. At this time, if the intervals of the basic shapes are the same, the rhythm changes little, and if the basic shapes are of different prices, a complex sense of rhythm will be produced.

2. Second-order metaphorical expression: As for Go, the disk is called the quadratic rhythm in the up, down, left, and right directions. The basic shape can be equally spaced and can also have certain changes.

3. Use gradients to express rhythm: According to the rules of the number of rational changes to produce rhythm, changes in the mathematical ratio is a rule to follow, can cause gradual change rhythm

(15) Segmentation In the plane structure, the whole is divided into parts, called division. In daily life, this phenomenon can be seen at any time. For example, the ceiling and floor of a house constitute a division. Here are some common methods of segmentation:

1. Equal-shaped segmentation: It is required that the shape is exactly the same, and then dividing and dividing the dividing line will have a good effect.

2. Free segmentation: Free segmentation is irregular, and the method of dividing the picture freely is different from the neat effect produced by the division of mathematical rules, but its arbitrary segmentation gives a feeling of being unrestrained.

3. Proportions and Sequences: Compositions that are completed using proportions usually have orderliness and clear features, giving people a fresh feeling. Separation gives a certain rule of law, such as golden section method, sequence, etc.

(16) Balance When modeling, the sense of balance is very important. Due to the visual satisfaction caused by the balance, the human eye can produce a sense of balance and stability when observing the object.

Balance is mainly divided into:

1. Symmetrical balance: such as people, butterflies, some symmetrical shape with the center axis as the center.

2. Asymmetrical balance: Although there is no middle axis, it is not a symmetrical relationship, but there is a very positive sense of balance.

(17) Basic arrangement of various types The basic form is the most basic unit element in the composition. In the process of clustering the unit elements, numerous combination forms may be changed. In order to make the composition change not disorderly, the basic form is simply a geometric shape. it is good.

Basic principles of arrangement:

1. The arrangement of the basic shape line: the arrangement is developed horizontally and developed into the status quo graphic, with strong directionality. Can be developed horizontally or diagonally.

2. Surface arrangement: The basic shape is arranged in the secondary direction to form a planar pattern.

3. Annular arrangement: The basic shape of the linear arrangement into a curve, so that both ends are connected.

4. Radial arrangement: The basic shape is arranged outward from the center, resulting in a radiation pattern.

5. Symmetrical arrangement: The basic shape is symmetrically arranged, arranged regularly and neatly.

Source: International Art Circle