Some Basic Knowledge About Printing Layout (2)

II. Text formatting rules

1. Text layout design rules

An advanced editor and typesetting person must not only learn how to typeset, but also how to arrange the layout beautifully and beautifully. To achieve this goal, you must first understand the design of the text layout.

The body of the book must be designed in accordance with the contents of the book. Journals of different nature should have different characteristics. Political publications must be generous and dignified; literary publications should be fresh and elegant, and journals that lived in pastime should be lively and fancy. The publications of different subjects must also be treated differently in terms of technology. The book fonts for people with a low level of culture may wish to be larger. For example, the typefaces of books that children read must be well-written, that is, they should adopt the method of sparse sorting. Books for young people can be small and dense. The best fonts for different articles in magazines have changed, especially when designing layouts and titles. The titles of more important articles should be highlighted.

2. The type of text typesetting

The layout of the main body of a book can basically be divided into the following categories:
(1) The word order of the horizontal and vertical rows is from the left to the right, the order of the rows is from top to bottom; the word order of the straight rows is from top to bottom, and the order of the rows is from right to left.

(2) Close-packed and sparse-distribution is a row of words with no gaps between words. Generally, the main text of books and magazines is more closely arranged. Sparse-distribution is a method of leaving some gaps between words and writing. Year-grade textbooks and popular books should be enlarged when formatting.

(3) The column bar and column bar are the lengths of each line in the whole width of the printing plate. This is the normal method of publishing books. Some publications, especially periodicals and large-scale books and reference books, have large edition widths. In order to shorten the length of lines, the text is often divided into columns, some are divided into two columns (double columns), and some are three. Columns, or even columns.

(4) Ordinary equipment, single-sided equipment, double-sided equipment

Ordinary equipment is relative to single-sided equipment, double-sided equipment. Horizontal books should be placed under the words lined with the focus of the single-sided equipment. As for the straight-lined books, punctuation, and special names, etc., they are all on the right side of the word line, and they are called single-sided clothes; on the left, right, or top and bottom of the word line, they are called double-sided clothes. Around the word line, there is no type setting for ordinary clothing.

3. Text formatting requirements

The layout of the body text must be based on the layout. The text layout requirements are as follows:
(1) The first line of each paragraph must be two blanks, and the special format must be specially treated;
(2) The first line of each line cannot be the second half of a period, semicolon, comma, burst, colon, exclamation mark, quotation mark, parenthesis, modulus number, or matrix number;
(3) The end of the line that is not a paragraph must be flush with the plate mouth, and the first half of the quotation marks, brackets, modulus numbers, and matrix numbers cannot be found at the end of the line;
(4) The layout of the double-column row, if there is a diagram, table or formula of the column, should be bounded by maps, tables or formulas. The text in the left and right columns above it should be aligned and the text below it should be left. Column to the right column continues. At the end of a chapter, section or each article, the left and right columns should be parallel. When the number of lines is odd, the right column may be less than the left column.
(5) At the time of transfer, the following items cannot be split:
1 entire digital;
2 consecutive points (two-character joints), and a broken line;
3 Symbols added before and after the number (eg 95%, r30, -35°C, ×100, ~50).

4. The main text layout should pay attention to the problem

In the main body typesetting, the principle of faithfulness to the original should be strictly observed. For some special cases where the unclear context is not uniform in some of the drafts that have not been edited or edited, they can be easily unified. For example: “In the XX event, direct participants accounted for 34%, which accounted for 10%...” The word “34%” and “10 percent” appeared in the sentence were inconsistent. In scientific articles, they should be unified into Arabic characters. For large and simple numbers, the combination of the two can be used, and the index can also be used.

Since manuscripts are generally handwritten, some symbols are difficult to distinguish. For example, the Chinese dot, period, and decimal point are often used to point to an unclear black dot. At this time, the typeetters are required to distinguish themselves according to the layout specifications.

In scientific books, the Chinese character is usually circled (.) after the full stop. However, some books (such as mathematics) are easily confused with the subscript "0" or the English "o" in order to distinguish them. Black spots are used for foreign languages, numbers and mathematical periods.

After the Chinese order code, it is customary to use a burst number (such as "five"). Arabic numerals are accustomed to using black spots (such as "5.") and do not use dots ("5,").

The interval number of the translated name of the foreigner's name is in Chinese after the middle point, such as: Fou A. Zugerg; after the foreign language, the footer is applied, such as: E. A. Zorge. Of course, in the name of foreigners who are all foreign languages, it is natural to follow the international custom: FASorge.

The ellipses use six black dots "..." in Chinese and three black dots "..." in foreign languages ​​and formulas.

Short lines between words or numbers and symbols should be determined according to the manuscript's annotation. In the absence of annotation. The range number is "one line" (one sheet on the manuscript paper), for example, 54-94%, but "~" can also be used. Dashes use "two-character lines," for example, the phrase "unit-generators and motors." Link numbers use "half word lines" (the manuscript is not occupied, written between the two words), such as the chapter code (§ 3-2), chart code (Figure 6-4).

5. The layout requirements of the directory

The complexity of the directory is determined by the text, but there are also many cases where the text sections are relatively simple and the directory is relatively simple. For books with many illustrations or tables, you can also add illustrations or table of contents.

Catalog fonts, generally book Song, occasionally insert bold. The font size is generally the fifth, fifth, and sixth. Directory layout should pay attention to the following matters:

(1) Top-level headings in the table of contents (returns and exceptions marked with indentation);
(2) The catalogue is often a column of columns, and special columns are arranged in double columns;
(3) Titles are not to be included in titles other than periodicals;
(4) The link between the chapter, chapter, section name and page number (between the single essay or journal is between the title and the author's name). In case of return trip, leave three blank spaces at the end of the line (six blanks in the journal), and the first line should be one or two squares lower than the upper line.
(5) There must be at least two links between chapters and page numbers in the catalog or with the author's name, or they should be lined up separately.
(6) Roman numerals may be used for pages other than the body part, and Arabic numerals are generally used for the body part. When chapters, sections, and headings are arranged in different sizes, page numbers are also arranged in different sizes.

6. Typesetting requirements for page number and book brow

(1) Page number The odd page number in the page is a single page number, and the even page number is a double page number. Single and double pages have a lot to do with layout processing. See the relevant sections for further details. Usually the page number is centered on the printing plate or is cut in an incision, usually at the bottom of the page. The single page number is placed on the right side of the printing plate, and the double page number is placed on the left side of the printing plate. The page number of the journal can be placed on the left and right sides of the page at the top of the page. Dictionaries and similar pages can be centered above or below the edition.

Cover pages, title pages, copyright pages, etc. do not have page numbers or page numbers. Page numbers, page layouts or tables for pages, page layouts for entire pages, and blank pages at the end of each chapter do not have page numbers, but they are coded using secret codes.

(2) Codes Page numbers are calculated using a secret code for the chapter page, the entire page of the overprint port (not oversized), the table, and the blank page at the end of the chapter. The page number of a blank page is also called "empty code." The proof code (including the blank code) must indicate the page number sequence.

(3) Book eyebrows The horizontally arranged book eyebrows are generally located at the top of the book page. The name of the book on the single-code page is the name of the book, or the name of the book or the name of the book. When there is a change in the double-check code in the proofreading, the book eyebrow should also be changed accordingly.
The illustrations and insert sheets that do not exceed the edition of the mouth should be arranged in a row. If the edition exceeds the edition (regardless of the horizontal or vertical direction), the book will not be arranged.

7. Punctuation rules

At present, there are about the following ways of punctuation:

(1) Full-width (also called full-body) In addition to the two symbols linked together in the whole article, the former symbol is used in the opposite direction, and all symbols are full-width.

(2) Enlightened symbols (such as periods, question marks, exclamation marks, colons, etc.) that represent the end of a sentence are used outside the full-width, and all other punctuation marks are used outside. At present, most publications use this method.

(3) At the end of the line, this type of line-up requires that all punctuation marks at the end of the line be used to ensure that the lines at the end of the line are in a straight line.

(4) All halved punctuation marks (except for dashes and ellipsis) are all used in the split version. This typesetting is mostly used for reference books.

(5) The vertical punctuation type is usually the whole body in the vertical row, and is arranged in the center or the upper right corner of the word.

(6) Some punctuation marks of freestyle do not follow the typesetting ban, and are generally more common abroad.

The arrangement of punctuation marks, to some extent, reflects the layout style of a typesetting product. Therefore, the layout process should be carefully understood when publishing. The current punctuation markup rules are:

(1) Prohibitions at the beginning of the trip (also known as "prevention") No periods, commas, bursts, exclamation points, question marks, colons, rear brackets, back quotation marks, and postscript numbers are allowed at the beginning of the line.

(2) At the end of the line, the quotation marks, the front brackets, and the front title are not allowed at the end of the line.

(3) The dash "-" and the ellipsis "..." cannot be separated from the middle at the beginning and end of the line.
Stretching method and indentation method are generally used to solve the typo typos. Extend the row method is to add some punctuation marks in a row, sticking out a word at the beginning of the row, avoiding the punctuation mark of the row at the beginning of the row; the shrinking method is to replace the full-width punctuation mark with the opposite, shrinking Into the one-line position, the punctuation marks at the top of the line are at the end of the line.