Overview
With the sustained and rapid economic development in China, the printing industry, press and publishing, packaging and decoration, and advertising and other industries have driven the ink industry to develop rapidly. In 1980, the annual production and sales volume of China's ink was 20,000 tons. By 1990, the annual output was 46,000 tons, and in 2005 it had reached 30 million tons per year. The average annual growth rate in the last 15 years is 14%. In 2005, the annual production volume of the largest Tianjin Toyo Ink Co., Ltd. reached 24,507~, with sales exceeding 530 million.
In the same year, there were 8 companies with production and sales volume of around 10,000 tons. They are Tianjin Toyo Ink Co., Ltd., Taiyuan Gaoshi Lowui Ink Co., Ltd., Hanghua Ink Chemical Co., Ltd., Yip Ink Co., Ltd., and Shanghai Peony Ink Co., Ltd. Company, Shenzhen Shenri Ink Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yongshang Chemical Co., Ltd., Guangdong Tianlong Ink Group Co., Ltd. There are about 30 to 40 ink factories with an actual production volume of more than 2000 but less than 10,000 tons. These enterprises are the main backbone enterprises of the ink industry.
After the mid-1980s, Dainippon Ink, T&T 0KA Ink, Toyo Ink, SICPA Ink, Siegwerk Ink, Gossig Rollei, AkzoNobel, Flint Ink, Sakata Ink, Dainichi Refined Colors and Chemicals, etc. Famous ink companies have successively established joint ventures with some domestic ink factory groups or established wholly-owned ink production companies. Because these multinational companies have strong financial strength, relatively advanced management concepts and methods, and relatively high technological level, these joint ventures and wholly-owned enterprises bring competitive advantages. Most of them have become the major manufacturers of China's ink industry. Sino-foreign joint ventures and wholly foreign-owned inks account for about 60% to 70% of total ink production in the country.
State-owned ink factories such as Shanghai Peony Ink Co., Ltd. still have good production and sales performance, but such companies are few. Since the middle of the 90s of last century, many state-owned or collective-owned ink manufacturers have gradually transformed themselves into shareholding, joint-stock cooperative or private enterprises. Many of these companies have also developed successfully, such as Tianjin Ink Co., Ltd., Shanghai Yulian Chemical Co., Ltd., Zhaoqing Tianlong Ink Group Co., Ltd., Zhejiang Yongshen Chemical Co., Ltd., Shanxi Xiongying Ink Industry Co., Ltd., and Miramar Ink Coatings. Co., Ltd., Kunshan Yimei Ink Co., Ltd., Hangzhou Kewang Special Ink Co., Ltd., etc. With the gradual completion of institutional reforms in most companies, companies are more concerned with their scale, efficiency, management, branding, technology, and marketing strategies. The composition of the industry will be oriented towards the large-scale, high-efficiency, high-tech and well-equipped large enterprise groups and the small and medium-sized enterprises that are characterized by flexible mobility, short-range transportation and services.
As the market economy of our country is still in a stage of improvement and maturity, coupled with the rapid development of the printing and packaging industry in the past 20 years, the status quo of the printing factories is dotted, uneven, and diversified. A lot of ink factory was born. It is estimated that the total number of large and small ink factories in the country has exceeded 800, mainly in areas where the economy is more developed and the printing factories are relatively concentrated, such as the Pearl River Delta, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Bohai Bay and Jiaodong. Among these enterprises are newly established or under construction private investment, large-scale private investment, private equity or joint ventures with large scale of development, and a large number of new, medium, and small-sized ink factories. As the growth of production capacity is greater than the increase in market demand, in recent years, the overall overcapacity of the ink industry has gradually emerged, and the ink market has become more competitive. In recent years, the soaring price of oil has driven the price of raw materials for inks to rise all the way. Most ink manufacturers have been under great pressure. However, due to overcapacity and other factors that make ink product prices difficult to follow, most companies' profitability is declining, and investment returns have decreased. Many companies are in a situation of low profit or even loss. This is a greater impact on small ink factories that have less risk-tolerance. The methods used by foreign companies for mergers, acquisitions, alliances, and reorganizations to improve efficiency and reduce costs have not been seen in China. The methods and ways to seek solutions have become the reality that the ink industry and companies need to face directly.
Product structure
1. Offset printing ink
The production and application of offset printing ink in our country has a history of more than 30 years, and the technology is relatively mature. The production of high, medium and low-grade products is basically able to meet the needs of the domestic printing market. The main export ink is offset printing ink. The domestic development trend is that the growth rate of medium and high-grade varieties is faster than that of low-grade products. Since the 1980s, offset printing inks have gradually replaced embossed printing inks, occupying most of the ink market, and have become the most important category of inks. The total production volume has risen, and the scale of production companies has developed rapidly. In the past few years, the total annual production volume of offset ink will still increase year by year, but due to the rapid development of other inks, its percentage in total ink production will decline. The current total production volume of offset inks accounts for about 50% to 60% of the total ink production in the country, which still occupies a major position. Among them, the amount of sheet-fed offset ink is the largest, accounting for about 70% of the offset ink volume. Rotary Offset Ink Cold-fixed ink is mainly used for printing newspapers and books. So far all of our newspapers and periodicals have been printed with offset inks, which is a feature of printing in our country's newspapers and periodicals. Although the heat-fixing inks suitable for large-volume prints started late in China, its starting point is relatively high and its development is relatively fast.
2. Gravure printing ink
The large-scale high-speed development of gravure and gravure printing inks in China began in the mid-1990s. At the time, the gravure ink was driven along with the rapid development of plastic film printing, and the packaging industry was the main market, among which the middle and low grade products still contained the toluene solvent ink, and the toluene-free ink was gradually promoted. Paper gravure printing inks mainly serve middle-to-high-grade packaging printing, and its transfer to alcohol, ester solvent systems or aqueous systems is relatively fast. The use of gravure inks in building materials and decorative materials has also been gradually developed. Different from the European market, our country almost does not use gravure ink to print publications. Since gravure inks are mainly solvent-based (especially with relatively high printing speeds), the environmental protection constraints are relatively large. At the end of the last century, its development speed became stable. Its annual production now accounts for about 23% to 28% of the total amount of ink. Although there are industrial applications for water-based gravure printing inks, the printing speed is still relatively low, and there is still another process for the use of UV-curable products in larger-scale production. Maintaining the unique quality of gravure printing, developing new uses, and developing in the direction of personalization and short-page printing is the main trend of gravure printing and gravure printing inks.
3. Flexo ink
China's flexo inks are mainly based on water-based inks, and solvent-based flexo inks have a small market share. Due to the lack of recognition of environmental protection and the harmfulness of organic volatile substances in the past, related environmental protection laws and regulations have not been fully established, making the growth rate of water-based ink-based flexo inks lower than expected. . At present, flexo printing inks are marketed mainly by corrugated boxes, folding cartons, and label printing. Although the development rate is relatively fast, the percentage of the total amount of ink is not high, and there is a large gap compared with other countries that use water-based flexo printing inks. The prices of imported flexographic printing presses are relatively high, but there are still gaps in the variety, performance, and quality of domestically produced machines. The inks are mainly medium- and low-grade products, and the high-end products are less, giving the illusion that only medium and low-grade prints can be printed. It is also a factor that affects its development. In recent years, rising environmental protection calls have helped promote the development of flexo inks. At present, the output of flexo ink still only accounts for about 6% to 8% of the total ink output.
4. Screen printing ink
Screen printing (mesh printing) ink is a type of ink that has been active and develops rapidly in China for more than ten years. Conductive inks, solder mask inks, radio frequency identification tags (RFI D labels) inks, and disc printing inks are used in the electronics industry. There are broad application prospects. Screen printing inks have also made great progress in the application of fabric printing, special printing inks (such as ceramics, glass inks, plastic melt inks, pad printing and transfer inks) and special effect inks (such as pearlescent, fluorescent, gold and silver , scrubs, mirrors, embossed, ice ink) development is also very fast. Traditional emulsion printing inks have been eliminated. However, the new type of printers combined with computers and digital technologies have created new market opportunities in the teaching and issuance of documents issued by institutions and school printing test papers. Printing inks have made new developments. Screen printing ink production is about 6% to 8% of the total ink production. There is still a certain amount of high-grade ink or special-purpose ink that needs to be imported.
5. Irradiation curing inks (UV and EB inks)
UV inks (ultraviolet light-curable inks) are the fastest-growing ink jets in recent years, with an annual growth rate of more than 20%, accounting for 5% to 7% of the total amount of ink. Among them, Varnish accounted for about 50% of the total, and the rest of the inks had half of both screenprinted uV and offset inks. In the past two years, flexo UV inks have also been found in the market. The use of varnish for prints has not only improved the appearance of printed products but also increased the wear resistance. It has been used in many ways in the past few years. In particular, on packaging prints, uV varnish is more popular. Currently, there are not many uV ink manufacturers that can mass-produce and have relatively stable product quality, and it takes time for the accumulation of technology and human resources. Labels, stickers, high-grade cigarettes, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and foods are the major market requirements for the packaging and printing.
EB ink (electron beam curing ink) has been industrially produced and applied in foreign countries. Because it uses no or little photoinitiator, it avoids problems such as migration of photoinitiator and its reaction residue and emission of odor. Food and medicine are popular on the packaging. At present, China has researched and developed EB inks, but it has not yet formed industrial production.
6. Printing ink
The development of jet printing ink is also very fast. The ink output has been growing very fast for some time. The added value of the product is very high and the economic benefits of the company are very good. The products produced include not only black ink jets used in ordinary printers, but also various color ink jets, not only dye inks but also pigment inks. However, in recent years, due to vicious competition in prices, profits have rapidly declined, which has also greatly affected the technological advancement of products and the development of new products. In the field, because the foreign jet printer manufacturers often are themselves inkjet printers or alliances of inkjet printers and jet printer manufacturers, the technical monopoly is more serious and the domestic printers and inks are very difficult. Forming your own brand, this is the resistance to development. But it must be closely linked with digital technology, and its development is beyond question. Digital inkjet is already widely seen in the production of large-scale advertisements, posters and posters. In the printing industry, the use of computer-assisted printing technology to produce prepress samples, followed by color separation, plate making and printing, can greatly facilitate the prepress process, and the printing industry itself is also a major advance. Direct printing on fabrics is a revolutionary new breakthrough in printing technology.
7. Special ink
The development of special inks such as anti-counterfeiting and printing banknotes is relatively rapid. In particular, the use of new anti-counterfeiting technologies combined with the manufacture and application of inks has resulted in the formation of many new technology varieties with strong personality.
8. Other inks
Commercial paper printing is also a fast-growing industry. Commercial printing has formed a printing system in China. As for special inks, some large-scale ink factories have specialized production, but there are fewer professional manufacturers.
In addition to special requirements for letterpress printing, such as hot stamping, ordinary prints are rarely used, and some existing prints
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