Frequently encountered such a situation, the prepress designer feels very perfect works, after the delivery of print production, there have been many practical printing process problems, resulting in the production process can not continue, or increase the unnecessary processing difficulty, and cause The cost rises. Therefore, starting from the actual production, this paper summarizes the basic elements of the printing process that should be considered in the prepress design, so that the prepress designer can start from these elements and pay attention to the process problems of the printed product design in the design process, thereby realizing Prepress and printing, as well as seamless post-printing, provide customers with high-quality and cost-effective services.
An exquisite design work is without a doubt the crystallization of the designer's wisdom and inspiration, but there is a considerable distance from the "design work" to the "print product." Because the work of a single leaflet is easy to implement, if the design is to be widely disseminated and a large number of copies are required, it is of great significance to compare the effect of the works with the printed proofs. From the printing point of view, the printing process is complicated. The practice of making a seal from sex is extravagant. At this time, not only the skills of art design, but also the need to consider and master the relevant printing process problems, and reflect the specific product design in order to complete the perfect transformation from "works" to "products." In real life, the accident between the designer and the printing factory is often unpleasant after the accident. In fact, as long as the designers change the design of the product according to the printing process knowledge, they can print better. Then, when designing a product, what are the printing process issues that should be noticed?
First, printing type
When designing a product, the first thing to consider is which printing type will be used for the product being designed. The process characteristics of different printing types are completely different. Taking the four printing methods as an example, the offset printing performance is rich and delicate, the outline of the relief printing product is clear, the strokes are strong, the ink is bright, the gravure printing is clear, the appearance is fine, the silk printing ink layer is thick and embossed, and the flexographic product is concise. Color blocks and lines give people a strong visual impact. Different types of printing have their own specific design requirements and must be considered at design time.
For the design of offset printing products, the designer has more exposure and relatively rich experience. The main points to note are: whether the resolution of the picture is sufficient; whether the trapping value is suitable; for small texts, try to avoid four-color overlay to avoid Increased unnecessary printing difficulty; whether the rules line cutting line is complete; try to avoid the design of large-format full-size field blocks; graphic and paper fiber orientation, fully consider the post-processing requirements.
Gravure products are designed to avoid multicolor overprinting. Most of the printing materials used for gravure printing have a large thermal stretchability. In addition, thermal deformation during high-speed printing process makes printing overprinting more difficult. Therefore, when designing a pattern, it is necessary to try not to affect the design effect. Avoid multi-color overprinting. In addition, some materials have not only great flexibility but also poor ink adhesion. For example, the PE film and black-and-white film used in fresh dairy products are currently used. Therefore, when designing such packaging patterns, it is necessary not only to avoid multi-color overprinting, but also to make the pattern simple and generous and avoid large-area filling. To fully consider the bagging process requirements, for the back seal bag, the front pattern should be based on the size of the finished product to do the right amount of internal bleeding, to prevent the front of the bag after the design appears too small, and to consider whether there is no need for up and down about seams. Whether the light spot position is set to meet the cut bag making needs. In addition, whether there is a need to use transparent or the same color to connect between the finished product patterns is also a place where gravure product design should pay attention.
When flexographic printing products are designed, if the original product is printed by offset printing or gravure printing, when considering the use of flexo printing, the previous design scheme cannot be simply copied to blindly pursue the offset and gravure printing effects. When designing a flexo printing product, you should avoid the following: Avoid too small text and too thin lines; Avoid two or more lines and text overprinting; Avoid designing fine lines and lines; Avoid high light Cut off the net or 1% of small outlets; avoid writing text or lines in Photoshop or other bitmap software; avoid wide and long solids and gradients along the horizontal direction of the print cylinder; avoid large areas and dots and small areas unless specifically required. The text is on the same page and so on.
Screen printing in the product design, the original used in principle and other printing methods used in the original is not very different, but in the specific plate making, printing practice, the requirements are different, mainly due to the screen The print characteristics are determined. In particular, since the screen printing ink layer is thick and bright in color, it is necessary to fully consider the special effects of screen printing when selecting originals and plate making. In addition, the graphic lines and dot precision requirements of the manuscript used for screen printing are different from those required for ordinary printing methods. If the lines and dots of the original are very fine, it is very difficult to use screen printing. Therefore, screen printing techniques are not suitable for reproducing fine lines and dot-line originals. Care must be taken in screen printing to select the appropriate cable to achieve full reproduction of the original. Silk-screen printing is more suitable for the expression of monochromatic color originals with vivid characters and lines. It is also suitable for the expression of color originals with large contrast and clear levels. Thanks to the special effects of screen printing, replicas are rich in expressiveness, and the texture and three-dimensional effect of the manuscript content are fully expressed through the rich contrast of light and shade of the thick ink layer and tone.
Second, the choice of materials
When designing a product, the packaging materials used must be in line with the market orientation of the product and must achieve the best packaging effect with the lowest cost. When selecting materials, on the one hand, the types of materials should be considered. On the one hand, the specification of materials should be taken into consideration. Different types of printed materials have different print aptitudes and even completely different ones. The actual performance of products varies greatly. One of the more successful examples of the use of new materials is a bowl of fragrant instant noodles packaged by Hebei Zhongwang Group. It boldly breaks through design materials and draws on the design style of small food packaging. It uses transparent ink to print on aluminum-plated films, and its vivid color is as soon as possible. The listing quickly became the focus of many similar products, providing a new way of thinking for instant noodle packaging design and achieving a good sales promotion in the market.
The specification of the material is also an important aspect that affects the cost of the product. For example, since the printing of packaging trademarks of different businesses requires different types and specifications of paper, it is often necessary to stock dozens of papers of different varieties and thicknesses. Such as single-sided coated paper, single-sided offset paper, single-sided copperplate paperboard, adhesive tape, cast coated glass paperboard, white paper, gold version of paper, aluminum foil, cowhide white version of the paper, the common thickness is 80g , 90g, 250g, 300g. 350g, 400g, 450g, etc. When designing a product, it is necessary to consider the issue of material specifications in order to avoid additional costs due to improper selection of material specifications. Take book printing paper as an example. The cover, insertion and lining of books and magazines are generally 100-150g paper for 200 pages, 120-180g paper for 200 pages, and 80-150g paper for inserts. The lining pages are based on books. The thickness is generally between 80 and 150g. The same type of paper, the heavier the number of grams, the higher the price, the increase in the weight of the text paper, the thickness of the spine is also thickened, and sometimes also need to adjust the weight and opening number of cover paper, which will produce a series of associated relations. Paper costs are often increased.
Third, color and resolution
When choosing a color, you need to take into account the actual rendering effect of the printing, such as trying not to use colors in the purple system. The reason is that the purple color obtained by the superposition of the cyan ink and the magenta ink in the printing ink is generally “dirtyâ€, and it is difficult to reach the color displayed to the customer or the desired color effect in the customer's mind when the design pattern is designed, and it is easy to cause Quality accidents related to color. If you really want to print the ideal purple color, you should either suggest that you use a pink ink overlay for the design, or print with spot colors. If the designed product is in the stage of new marketing experiment in the sales process, customers can be recommended to use the spot color to print the main color, which can not only improve the brightness of the packaging pattern and color, but also reduce the color of the main color of the package once the same color as the packaging market. The unsatisfactory risk of unsatisfactory sales (if the color of the main color of the product is printed in spot color, the color of the main color of the package can be changed at any time during the sales process according to the market needs).
In printing graphic design, the resolution setting must be determined according to the requirements of the design and printing process, especially the printing materials used in printing (mostly paper), and not all pictures must be adjusted to the highest resolution. rate. Newspapers, for example, are printed on screens that are lower than beautiful pictures, and they have different requirements for the resolution of image files. If the resolution of the newspapers printed on newspapers is adjusted to the same resolution as the ones printed on coated paper, this will not only make sense, but will result in printing stencils. The resolution of different objects in the graphic design of printed computers is set as follows: General newsprint, offset printing of color or black and white newspapers Printed cable is 60-100 lines, design resolution is 120-200dpi; offset paper and newspapers are generally used , coated paper, cardboard, whiteboard printing of color pictures, such as book covers, pictorials, product advertising, printing cable up to 150 lines, the design resolution of 300dpi; high-grade books, beautiful pictures, high-grade advertising prints, using high-grade copperplate paper printing , Printed cable up to 175 lines, the design resolution of 350dpi; boutique treasure books or special securities, special notes, etc., the design resolution available 400dpi.
Fourth, typesetting scheme
Designers must provide customers with a reasonable typesetting scheme based on their needs. For example, the product design of flexo printing has a good market prospect, and the product packaging has a large amount of prints. We can advise the customer to arrange the unit patterns more vertically and improve the printing efficiency by increasing the circumference of the print cylinder.
Pay attention to the direction of the paper in the layout, such as the bottled wine mark, because it is a mechanical labeling, fast, after the automatic glue coating on the back of the paper meets the wet, the instant deformation and bending, the paper's bending direction must match the automatic labeling machine, otherwise Automatic production line cannot be produced. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of different customers, the horizontal and vertical lines of paper must be considered first in order to prevent the produced trademark from being scrapped because it does not meet the requirements of the customer's horizontal and vertical threads.
The markedly different features of packaging trademark printing and book printing are the combination of one edition and one figure. As many as two plans, many dozens of plans. In the end, it is appropriate to combine several plans for printing. This is a design and process consideration. It is mainly considered from the following aspects. 1 The ease of post-press processing. If a manuscript is more post-processing operations, we must seriously consider not to make the printing plate very large. Otherwise, due to poor temperature and humidity control in the printing shop, it is easy to cause the paper to shrink, so that the next step of the hot aluminum, pressure convex is very Difficult to overprint and accurate, resulting in a hot aluminum should be, embossing, hot stamping must be several times. In addition, the combination of many and paper deformation, it will seriously affect the registration, it is difficult to remedy. 2 shaped trademark. Trademark labels are generally not very large. For thin paper special-shaped trademarks that require die cutting, do not use too many joints. Otherwise, the accuracy of die-cutting will affect the quality of die-cutting. 3 printing quantity. If the number of prints is not large, don't overdo it. Because the layout is too large and the number of printing is small, the cost of die-cutting is high, and it will inevitably increase the cost of single-labelling. 4 paper opening number. The size of the packaging paper coincides with the paper size, so the printing paper is very standard and there is no waste problem. Packaging trademarks are not, due to the impact of single size, it is impossible to accurately combine into eight open, four open, split printing. Therefore, whether or not to adopt spelling, vertical and horizontal spelling, spelling, knife punching, and scraping, etc., is based on the principle of minimizing the use of printing paper. Choosing a good combination of techniques can directly create profits for enterprises. For example, in the design of books and periodicals, if the selection of materials is unreasonable, the margin will increase, and the effective use of paper will decrease. Books with more short lines, such as horizontal poetry, use 32 copies, which have a lot of gaps in their cuts and openings, and use more paper. If you use a 36-inch long format, you can save paper. If the cost is too small, the number of folds and light edge materials are also more. In order to facilitate the printing, as far as possible without or with less irregular copy, this can reduce the cost of printing.
In summary, in order to achieve a successful leap from “work†to “productâ€, prepress designers must thoroughly study the relevant knowledge of the printing process and make good choices and settings of parameters on the above-mentioned process issues. Proficiency in application to specific product designs can successfully achieve the requirements for mass production of printed batches, and continue to guide and reduce production costs and create more value for customers.
An exquisite design work is without a doubt the crystallization of the designer's wisdom and inspiration, but there is a considerable distance from the "design work" to the "print product." Because the work of a single leaflet is easy to implement, if the design is to be widely disseminated and a large number of copies are required, it is of great significance to compare the effect of the works with the printed proofs. From the printing point of view, the printing process is complicated. The practice of making a seal from sex is extravagant. At this time, not only the skills of art design, but also the need to consider and master the relevant printing process problems, and reflect the specific product design in order to complete the perfect transformation from "works" to "products." In real life, the accident between the designer and the printing factory is often unpleasant after the accident. In fact, as long as the designers change the design of the product according to the printing process knowledge, they can print better. Then, when designing a product, what are the printing process issues that should be noticed?
First, printing type
When designing a product, the first thing to consider is which printing type will be used for the product being designed. The process characteristics of different printing types are completely different. Taking the four printing methods as an example, the offset printing performance is rich and delicate, the outline of the relief printing product is clear, the strokes are strong, the ink is bright, the gravure printing is clear, the appearance is fine, the silk printing ink layer is thick and embossed, and the flexographic product is concise. Color blocks and lines give people a strong visual impact. Different types of printing have their own specific design requirements and must be considered at design time.
For the design of offset printing products, the designer has more exposure and relatively rich experience. The main points to note are: whether the resolution of the picture is sufficient; whether the trapping value is suitable; for small texts, try to avoid four-color overlay to avoid Increased unnecessary printing difficulty; whether the rules line cutting line is complete; try to avoid the design of large-format full-size field blocks; graphic and paper fiber orientation, fully consider the post-processing requirements.
Gravure products are designed to avoid multicolor overprinting. Most of the printing materials used for gravure printing have a large thermal stretchability. In addition, thermal deformation during high-speed printing process makes printing overprinting more difficult. Therefore, when designing a pattern, it is necessary to try not to affect the design effect. Avoid multi-color overprinting. In addition, some materials have not only great flexibility but also poor ink adhesion. For example, the PE film and black-and-white film used in fresh dairy products are currently used. Therefore, when designing such packaging patterns, it is necessary not only to avoid multi-color overprinting, but also to make the pattern simple and generous and avoid large-area filling. To fully consider the bagging process requirements, for the back seal bag, the front pattern should be based on the size of the finished product to do the right amount of internal bleeding, to prevent the front of the bag after the design appears too small, and to consider whether there is no need for up and down about seams. Whether the light spot position is set to meet the cut bag making needs. In addition, whether there is a need to use transparent or the same color to connect between the finished product patterns is also a place where gravure product design should pay attention.
When flexographic printing products are designed, if the original product is printed by offset printing or gravure printing, when considering the use of flexo printing, the previous design scheme cannot be simply copied to blindly pursue the offset and gravure printing effects. When designing a flexo printing product, you should avoid the following: Avoid too small text and too thin lines; Avoid two or more lines and text overprinting; Avoid designing fine lines and lines; Avoid high light Cut off the net or 1% of small outlets; avoid writing text or lines in Photoshop or other bitmap software; avoid wide and long solids and gradients along the horizontal direction of the print cylinder; avoid large areas and dots and small areas unless specifically required. The text is on the same page and so on.
Screen printing in the product design, the original used in principle and other printing methods used in the original is not very different, but in the specific plate making, printing practice, the requirements are different, mainly due to the screen The print characteristics are determined. In particular, since the screen printing ink layer is thick and bright in color, it is necessary to fully consider the special effects of screen printing when selecting originals and plate making. In addition, the graphic lines and dot precision requirements of the manuscript used for screen printing are different from those required for ordinary printing methods. If the lines and dots of the original are very fine, it is very difficult to use screen printing. Therefore, screen printing techniques are not suitable for reproducing fine lines and dot-line originals. Care must be taken in screen printing to select the appropriate cable to achieve full reproduction of the original. Silk-screen printing is more suitable for the expression of monochromatic color originals with vivid characters and lines. It is also suitable for the expression of color originals with large contrast and clear levels. Thanks to the special effects of screen printing, replicas are rich in expressiveness, and the texture and three-dimensional effect of the manuscript content are fully expressed through the rich contrast of light and shade of the thick ink layer and tone.
Second, the choice of materials
When designing a product, the packaging materials used must be in line with the market orientation of the product and must achieve the best packaging effect with the lowest cost. When selecting materials, on the one hand, the types of materials should be considered. On the one hand, the specification of materials should be taken into consideration. Different types of printed materials have different print aptitudes and even completely different ones. The actual performance of products varies greatly. One of the more successful examples of the use of new materials is a bowl of fragrant instant noodles packaged by Hebei Zhongwang Group. It boldly breaks through design materials and draws on the design style of small food packaging. It uses transparent ink to print on aluminum-plated films, and its vivid color is as soon as possible. The listing quickly became the focus of many similar products, providing a new way of thinking for instant noodle packaging design and achieving a good sales promotion in the market.
The specification of the material is also an important aspect that affects the cost of the product. For example, since the printing of packaging trademarks of different businesses requires different types and specifications of paper, it is often necessary to stock dozens of papers of different varieties and thicknesses. Such as single-sided coated paper, single-sided offset paper, single-sided copperplate paperboard, adhesive tape, cast coated glass paperboard, white paper, gold version of paper, aluminum foil, cowhide white version of the paper, the common thickness is 80g , 90g, 250g, 300g. 350g, 400g, 450g, etc. When designing a product, it is necessary to consider the issue of material specifications in order to avoid additional costs due to improper selection of material specifications. Take book printing paper as an example. The cover, insertion and lining of books and magazines are generally 100-150g paper for 200 pages, 120-180g paper for 200 pages, and 80-150g paper for inserts. The lining pages are based on books. The thickness is generally between 80 and 150g. The same type of paper, the heavier the number of grams, the higher the price, the increase in the weight of the text paper, the thickness of the spine is also thickened, and sometimes also need to adjust the weight and opening number of cover paper, which will produce a series of associated relations. Paper costs are often increased.
Third, color and resolution
When choosing a color, you need to take into account the actual rendering effect of the printing, such as trying not to use colors in the purple system. The reason is that the purple color obtained by the superposition of the cyan ink and the magenta ink in the printing ink is generally “dirtyâ€, and it is difficult to reach the color displayed to the customer or the desired color effect in the customer's mind when the design pattern is designed, and it is easy to cause Quality accidents related to color. If you really want to print the ideal purple color, you should either suggest that you use a pink ink overlay for the design, or print with spot colors. If the designed product is in the stage of new marketing experiment in the sales process, customers can be recommended to use the spot color to print the main color, which can not only improve the brightness of the packaging pattern and color, but also reduce the color of the main color of the package once the same color as the packaging market. The unsatisfactory risk of unsatisfactory sales (if the color of the main color of the product is printed in spot color, the color of the main color of the package can be changed at any time during the sales process according to the market needs).
In printing graphic design, the resolution setting must be determined according to the requirements of the design and printing process, especially the printing materials used in printing (mostly paper), and not all pictures must be adjusted to the highest resolution. rate. Newspapers, for example, are printed on screens that are lower than beautiful pictures, and they have different requirements for the resolution of image files. If the resolution of the newspapers printed on newspapers is adjusted to the same resolution as the ones printed on coated paper, this will not only make sense, but will result in printing stencils. The resolution of different objects in the graphic design of printed computers is set as follows: General newsprint, offset printing of color or black and white newspapers Printed cable is 60-100 lines, design resolution is 120-200dpi; offset paper and newspapers are generally used , coated paper, cardboard, whiteboard printing of color pictures, such as book covers, pictorials, product advertising, printing cable up to 150 lines, the design resolution of 300dpi; high-grade books, beautiful pictures, high-grade advertising prints, using high-grade copperplate paper printing , Printed cable up to 175 lines, the design resolution of 350dpi; boutique treasure books or special securities, special notes, etc., the design resolution available 400dpi.
Fourth, typesetting scheme
Designers must provide customers with a reasonable typesetting scheme based on their needs. For example, the product design of flexo printing has a good market prospect, and the product packaging has a large amount of prints. We can advise the customer to arrange the unit patterns more vertically and improve the printing efficiency by increasing the circumference of the print cylinder.
Pay attention to the direction of the paper in the layout, such as the bottled wine mark, because it is a mechanical labeling, fast, after the automatic glue coating on the back of the paper meets the wet, the instant deformation and bending, the paper's bending direction must match the automatic labeling machine, otherwise Automatic production line cannot be produced. Therefore, in order to meet the needs of different customers, the horizontal and vertical lines of paper must be considered first in order to prevent the produced trademark from being scrapped because it does not meet the requirements of the customer's horizontal and vertical threads.
The markedly different features of packaging trademark printing and book printing are the combination of one edition and one figure. As many as two plans, many dozens of plans. In the end, it is appropriate to combine several plans for printing. This is a design and process consideration. It is mainly considered from the following aspects. 1 The ease of post-press processing. If a manuscript is more post-processing operations, we must seriously consider not to make the printing plate very large. Otherwise, due to poor temperature and humidity control in the printing shop, it is easy to cause the paper to shrink, so that the next step of the hot aluminum, pressure convex is very Difficult to overprint and accurate, resulting in a hot aluminum should be, embossing, hot stamping must be several times. In addition, the combination of many and paper deformation, it will seriously affect the registration, it is difficult to remedy. 2 shaped trademark. Trademark labels are generally not very large. For thin paper special-shaped trademarks that require die cutting, do not use too many joints. Otherwise, the accuracy of die-cutting will affect the quality of die-cutting. 3 printing quantity. If the number of prints is not large, don't overdo it. Because the layout is too large and the number of printing is small, the cost of die-cutting is high, and it will inevitably increase the cost of single-labelling. 4 paper opening number. The size of the packaging paper coincides with the paper size, so the printing paper is very standard and there is no waste problem. Packaging trademarks are not, due to the impact of single size, it is impossible to accurately combine into eight open, four open, split printing. Therefore, whether or not to adopt spelling, vertical and horizontal spelling, spelling, knife punching, and scraping, etc., is based on the principle of minimizing the use of printing paper. Choosing a good combination of techniques can directly create profits for enterprises. For example, in the design of books and periodicals, if the selection of materials is unreasonable, the margin will increase, and the effective use of paper will decrease. Books with more short lines, such as horizontal poetry, use 32 copies, which have a lot of gaps in their cuts and openings, and use more paper. If you use a 36-inch long format, you can save paper. If the cost is too small, the number of folds and light edge materials are also more. In order to facilitate the printing, as far as possible without or with less irregular copy, this can reduce the cost of printing.
In summary, in order to achieve a successful leap from “work†to “productâ€, prepress designers must thoroughly study the relevant knowledge of the printing process and make good choices and settings of parameters on the above-mentioned process issues. Proficiency in application to specific product designs can successfully achieve the requirements for mass production of printed batches, and continue to guide and reduce production costs and create more value for customers.
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