Oocyte factors can effectively reprogram somatic nuclei, but so far, people have not been able to determine the identity of these factors.
Professor Liu Zhonghua of Northeast Agricultural University led a research team to study this process and found that the maternal vimentin (Vimentin) is very important for nuclear reprogramming. This is also the first time this protein has been found to have a reprogramming effect. The research was published on the website of the Journal of Biological Chemistry on January 28. The first author of the article was Dr. Kong Qingran from Northeast Agricultural University.
The researchers found that compared with the 33-hour in vitro maturation of first-body porcine oocytes, the 42-hour porcine oocytes can support the early development of cloned embryos. In order to find the key reprogramming factors that caused the above differences, they studied the proteome of the two groups of oocytes by mass spectrometry. Studies have shown that there are 18 protein expression differences between the two groups of oocytes, and the researchers studied the vimentin VIM.
A certain amount of VIM protein is stored in oocytes. These proteins accumulate continuously during the maturation of oocytes and participate in the reprogramming process of somatic nuclei. The researchers used antibodies against VIM to inhibit the function of the maternal VIM and found that the proportion of cloned embryos that developed into blastocysts was significantly reduced, but in vitro fertilization (IVF) and partheno-activated embryos were not affected. In addition, they also found that when VIM was inhibited, the DNA double-strand breaks in cloned embryos increased significantly, and the p53 pathway was activated.
The study pointed out that the maternal VIM is the protector of the genome and is very important for the nuclear reprogramming of pig cloned embryos.
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