For the first time, Australian researchers used a camera to capture a picture of Plasmodium forcibly invading human red blood cells and then destroying them from within.
Plasmodium spreads malaria through the bites of infected mosquitoes. This infectious disease kills about 1 million people every year and causes 400 million people to be infected. Australian researchers used super resolution microscopy technology to observe the process of the plasmodium making holes in the cell walls of the human body and then drilling into the cells. This technology can observe smaller objects than conventional optical microscopes, so it can see malaria parasites, which are only a millionth of a meter in diameter.
Dr. Jack Bam of the Walter Elizahall Medical Research Institute in Melbourne, Australia, said: "The real breakthrough point of the super-resolution micromirror technology is that you can use it to generate high-definition three-dimensional maps of cellular processes. This is just like what we took Thousands of snapshots of bank robberies. "The research results were published in the journal" Cells-Hosts and Microorganisms ", which will help us to have a deeper understanding of the molecular and cellular processes that promote cell invasion. Bam said: "In fact, this is the first time we can observe this process in such detail."
In the past, scientists have also observed the process of malaria parasites invading cells, but this new technology has made a huge leap in clarity and detail, which allows us to better understand the process of cell invasion. Bam said: "The most creepy thing we have seen is that the malaria parasite inserts a loop protein into the cell wall, opens a hole in it and drills in. With the help of super-resolution micromirror technology, you can clearly see It crawls into the entire process of the cell. "
The script also shows that once the malaria parasite attaches to the red blood cells and forms a close connection with it, the microbe will immediately launch an invasion operation. It will rampage all the way and will never encounter any "checkpoints". Bam said that he has been working on tracking malaria parasites for several years. He hopes that this new technology will help scientists find ways to prevent malaria parasites from invading cells. He said: “For example, if you want to test a specific drug or vaccine, or study how a human antibody fights malaria, this imaging method now opens a window for us to allow us to observe each reagent or Every step taken by antibodies against pathogen invasion. "
A nightstand, alternatively night table, Bedside Table, daystand or bedside cabinet, is a small table or cabinet designed to stand beside a bed or elsewhere in a bedroom. Modern nightstands are usually small bedside tables, often with one or sometimes more drawers and/or shelves and less commonly with a small door. They are often used to support items that might be useful during the night, such as a table lamp, alarm clock, reading matter, cell phone, eyeglasses, tissues, sex toys, a drink, or medication.
Before indoor flush toilets became commonplace, the main function of a nightstand was to contain a chamber pot. As a result, early nightstands were often small cabinets, sometimes fitted with a drawer, and usually containing an enclosed storage space below covered by one or more doors. Another term sometimes given to such cabinets was commode.
French, Italian and Spanish antique nightstands usually have one drawer and an enclosed storage space with one door. They can be embellished with gold leaf finish, bronze or parquetry inlaid.
Wood and pressboard are the most common materials used for nightstands.
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