1 The stability of driving must be used and maintained correctly.
The use of the positive spring of the leaf spring is strictly loaded in accordance with the regulations and must not be overloaded or biased. Because the plate spring is designed according to the rated load capacity of motor vehicles, the overload will cause the plate spring to produce greater bending stress during work.
Can not be unloaded when the vehicle is under heavy load. Use other hard objects to support the vehicle to prevent the steel plate from being stressed for a long time.
When driving on uneven roads, reduce the speed. If the vehicle speed is too fast, especially under heavy load, the deformation amplitude of the leaf spring increases, the frequency increases, and large impact loads are under investigation.
Try to avoid emergency braking while driving. Especially in the case of high-speed and heavy-load emergency braking, due to the inertial force, the leaf spring, especially the front plate, will be subjected to excessive bending stress.
When turning the locomotive, the speed must be reduced in advance. If the turn is too sharp, the locomotive will generate a large centrifugal force, which will increase the load of the outer leaf spring. The more the turn, the greater the load.
After each mileage is set, the steel plate pins and leaf spring blades should be lubricated. It is not necessary to dismantle the leaf springs when lubricating the leaf spring blades. The jacks can be used to lift the axles by the following methods to remove the load of the leaf springs and wash the outside of the springs cleanly, so as to avoid impurities such as sand particles and iron filings during the lubrication. In between, loosen and shape the bolt, use a simple spreader to spread the blade, and use a pointed nozzle to inject graphite grease between the blades.
Always check and tighten the shape 1, bolt center, bolt and leaf spring clip bolt, and check whether there are cracks or misalignment of each piece of the plate spring, check whether the position of the plate spring on the plate seat is correct, if necessary Measures should be taken in a timely manner. In addition, if the lug pin bush is worn, it should be replaced in time.
When installing leaf springs, the pieces should be completely adhered to prevent the sand particles from entering.
Repair after the leaf spring elasticity is weakened. The spring elasticity of the leaf spring is weakened, and the appearance is now that the crown is reduced. Therefore, the crown of the leaf spring, that is, the center of the pin holes at both ends of the leaf spring is generally connected to the first sheet. It can be measured with a ruler by pulling the wire, and can also be used for new leaf springs. The requirements for joint inspection are the same as the number of left and right two sets of leaf spring assemblies on the axle. The difference in total thickness should not be greater than 5, and the difference in crown should not be greater than 10. When the elasticity is too small, the following treatments can be performed to restore its crown and elasticity.
Cold rolling correction method. Using the new leaf spring as a model, hammering and shaping in the cold state; or cold rolling and adjusting with special equipment until the radius of curvature of the blade meets the requirements. In order to eliminate the internal stress of shaping and cold rolling, and restore its elasticity, heat treatment and normalization should be carried out after the cold calibration. Heat the leaf spring to 860880, keep it warm for 35, and then cool it in the air to eliminate residual internal stress and obtain a fine pearlite structure. Quenching. The plate spring after normalizing is heated to 850, Jiayao, N, after being taken out, it is taken out and clamped on the special quenching frame to keep the corrected radius of curvature unchanged, and then quickly put into the spindle oil for quenching. , Tempered. After quenching, it is heated to 400500 and kept at 4050. After 1 is taken out, it is cooled by air. If heat treatment is performed unconditionally, the leaf spring can be struck with a small hammer several times after cold calibration to eliminate internal stress.
After overheating for 3min, there shall be no over-burning phenomenon, and then take out the air cooling and normalize the heated leaf spring to 840900, burn through 35 and clamp it on the quenching frame and put it in the oil pool. The temperature of the quenching oil should be controlled at 2070, 12, Then, take out air cooling, the hardness after quenching should be above 53. It should be tempered within 24 hours after quenching, tempering temperature 430, 450, heat preservation 50, 60, and then take out air cooling. The hardness of the leaf spring after tempering should be 39, 45. Cold correction is not allowed, there must be no cracks, and the crown should meet the requirements.
Repair of steel plate lugs and bushings When the cylindrical surface of the steel lugs wears more than 0.5, it can be welded first, then turned, hardened, and finally ground to the original state.
When the steel plate pin bushing is seriously worn, the clearance between the pin and the pin exceeds 7 or the bushing is damaged, it must be replaced with a new one.
The interference of the bushing pressing the hole of the seat should be 0.120.47, the cooperation clearance with the pin should be 0.060.25, and it should be replaced when the interference or the clearance exceeds the limit.
Some locomotives are equipped with rubber buffer blocks in the middle of the leaf spring cover to limit the maximum deformation of the leaf spring. If the buffer block is damaged or lost, it should be replaced or replaced in time.
Damaged or broken leaf springs must be replaced. The following points should be mastered when assembling leaf springs.
Remove the dirt and other dirt on the leaf spring, and evenly coat the graphite calcium-based grease with a thickness of 0.150.20 between the contact surfaces of each sheet to reduce friction and wear between the sheets and avoid water ingress and rust.
Before reloading, check whether the radius of curvature of each piece is qualified. The truncated blade should not be used as a short piece to avoid the difference in curvature radius of each blade and the mismatch.
The length of the leaf spring clamp bolt sleeve should be greater than the width of the steel plate by 2, and there should be a gap of 4 mm between the sleeve and the upper plane of the steel plate to ensure that each blade can freely expand and contract when deformed.
The leaf spring clips should be installed from the inside to prevent the bolts from puncturing the tire after the nut falls off.
There should be no gap greater than 1.5 between the center bolt of the leaf spring and the hole to ensure that each blade does not move during work.
After assembly, the blades should fit each other, allowing a gap of not more than 1.2, 1, but the length of the gap should not exceed 14. The length of the contact between the two adjacent pieces.
O-shaped, the female of the bolt should be 60, 90 according to the specified torque under full load, and tighten evenly. When tightening, the front shape, bolt and nut should be tightened according to the direction of the locomotive, then the rear bolt and nut should be tightened, and the length of the bolt exposed to the female should be 20mm.
Editor-in-Chief Zhang Shenghu
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