1. Plane layout
The scientific layout of the plan can not only ensure the critical care unit's advantages in rescuing critical patients, but also effectively strengthen the role of the air quality management system to prevent cross-infection.
1. Area and layout
The building area of ​​the clean ICU ward must be able to meet the functional layout and the bed spacing. In terms of layout, the layout of a large warehouse with several single rooms and several single-room wards is mostly adopted. The area of ​​a single room should be 16-22 square meters. The large warehouse room should ensure that each bed is not less than 15 square meters. The minimum distance between the bed and the bed should be more than 2 meters.
2. Zoning and process
In terms of plane layout, there must be strict zoning and clear character flow. According to the cleanliness, the clean ICU ward is divided into clean area, semi-clean area and contaminated area.
Clean area-intensive care area, nurse station, treatment room, etc.
Semi-clean areas—offices, consultation rooms, sanitation passage rooms, duty rooms, warehouses, etc.
Contaminated area-disinfection and cleaning room, sewage treatment room, sewage channel, etc.
In terms of processes, it is necessary to organize the flow of people and logistics and strictly distinguish between clean and polluted routes. The channels for patients and medical staff to enter the ICU ward should be set separately. A buffer zone (bed exchange area) is set at the entrance of the patient. Medical personnel enter the ward through the sanitary passage room. The sanitary passage room should have sanitary facilities such as dressing rooms, shower rooms and toilets.
The nurse station is located in the central position of the intensive care area, where the entire intensive care area can be observed and kept at the shortest distance from most hospital beds. The treatment room is set at the back of the nurse station or adjacent to it.
The semi-clean area is located adjacent to the clean area. From the entrance, the sanitary passage room, office, duty room and other rooms are arranged in sequence, and connected to the clean area through the partition door.
The contaminated area shall include a sewage disposal room, a disinfection and cleaning room and a dedicated sewage channel. There are two principles for selecting the location of the contaminated area. One is to be close to the vertical transportation channel of the dirt, and the other is to connect the corner with the least interference to the intensive care area. The contaminated area should adopt a pass-through design. All dirt is collected here for preliminary cleaning and disinfection treatment, and then transported out of the ward through a dedicated dirt passage. The premise of the layout of other auxiliary function rooms is to meet the needs of all aspects of work, and leave some room for future development. When conditions permit, humanized layouts such as medical lounges and pantry rooms should be added.
2. Supporting facilities
In order to maintain the good condition of the clean ward air and at the same time meet the requirements of disinfection work, the walls, floors and ceilings in the ward must be dust-free, dust-free, corrosion-resistant, moisture-proof and mildew-proof, easy to clean, and meet the fire protection requirements of the station. Building decoration materials.
The main passageway into the ward and the doors into each single ward should adopt the electric hanging automatic push-pull that meets the requirements of cleanliness and facilitates the passage of patients.
The hand-washing basin is a very important facility in the ICU ward, and the number should meet the needs of use, so that the medical staff can wash their hands nearby after handling the patient. Induction sinks should be used in wash basins to prevent contact infection.
In addition, medical gas terminals, call intercom systems, infusion guide rails, sufficient power supply, sockets, bedside lamps and other facilities must also be provided, and medical pendant equipment can be used when conditions permit. During construction, modern communication methods such as remote monitoring and integrated data network should be considered at the same time to provide greater space and better conditions for rescue work.
3. Negative Pressure Ward
Negative pressure ward refers to a well-designed ward under the control of the air quality management system, where the air pressure in the ward is lower than the pressure in other areas outside the ward, forming a negative pressure. The air contaminated by patients in the ward is discharged into the designated external space through treatment and enhanced filtration treatment. The role of the negative pressure ward is to ensure that the area around the ward will not be contaminated. This kind of ward is mainly used to treat some infected patients.
At present, the more common practice in the construction of ICU wards in domestic hospitals is to set up 1-2 positive and negative pressure conversion wards in ICU wards with 15-20 beds. By controlling the air supply and exhaust system, the positive and negative pressure conversion ward keeps the ward in a positive pressure form. When treating infectious patients, it is converted to a negative pressure form. This not only meets the clinical needs but also maximizes energy consumption. It should be particularly pointed out that the clean ICU ward for non-communicable diseases has differences in the layout, zoning, and process design of the air quality management system and the ward. For the ICU ward to treat respiratory patients, the system design must be Tighter.
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