The high value of mahogany furniture depends mainly on the shape, material, art and rhyme. In addition to good materials and shapes, a good mahogany furniture must also have a scientific and rigorous production process. Mahogany furniture has a set of self-contained furniture production process, every step of the process is very particular, the quality of the production process is also an important factor in determining the value of mahogany furniture.
The mahogany furniture is mainly made by hand, and the production process is very cumbersome and requires a long period of time. It requires a lot of processes from logs to finished products. It is divided into: dry sheet, woodworking process, engraving process, grinding process, assembly process and waxing process according to the process flow. There are several small production processes in each process.
Process a dry sheet
Before entering the production process, the first step is to dry the board. Because mahogany furniture is a kind of pure solid wood furniture, each part is made of solid wood. The moisture content of the wood is directly related to the adaptability of the furniture to seasonal changes, which in turn affects The quality of the furniture.
Therefore, the drying of wood is particularly important. If it is not dry properly, various problems will occur in the processing and assembly of parts in the future, which will affect the quality of the finished product, even in the sale and use, the characteristics of shrinkage and swelling of the wood. It also causes various cracks or deformations in certain parts of the furniture.
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Process points:
1. The purchased logs cannot be dried directly, and the sawn timber must be first used. When sawing timber, it should be tailored according to the size of the furniture made, length and length, comprehensive utilization, and pay attention to the direction of the wood texture. If the sawn timber is perfunctory, it will cause serious waste and improper material matching.
2, drying is generally carried out in two stages, first pre-drying, pre-drying generally using natural air drying, placed in the yard through air flow and water evaporation to achieve air drying, so that the moisture content of mahogany is reduced to 20% - 30% between. After air drying, it is placed in a special mahogany drying equipment for drying, and is required to be dried to a moisture content of 8% to 12%.
Process 2 woodworking process
Once the board is dry, you can enter the formal production process. This step is the most important step in the production of mahogany furniture, which is the woodworking process that mahogany furniture manufacturers say. The woodworking process is divided into the following six steps:
1, drawing design drawings and column material list
The woodworker draws the drawing according to the shape of the furniture, and then calculates and lists a bill of materials according to the drawing. The bill of materials needs to accurately list the quantity and size of the wood needed for the piece of furniture.
2, material selection and cutting
As the saying goes: "Three-point material, seven-point work", the quality of a mahogany furniture selection directly affects the service life and beauty of the furniture. The selection and batching process is mainly based on the different parts of the furniture, and the appropriate materials are selected. Generally, the texture, color and size of the wood should be paid attention to. After selecting the materials, first cut off the white skin and the residual materials that can not be used at both ends, and then re-cut the cut sheets according to the size of the bills. Follow the direction of the wood texture and the strength should be even when the material is opened. In order to ensure that the material is smooth and beautiful.
3, planing
The wood after the opening is required to be planed. When planing, be sure to plan the plane in the direction of the wood texture and apply even force. The planed and finished fine materials should be placed together according to the same specification code to avoid excessive storage time and crush deformation of the concentrate.
4, open the eye
After the planing, the fine material can be opened and chiseled. The various parts of mahogany furniture are connected by a æ¦«å¯ structure. The æ¦«å¯ structure is a combination of 榫 and ,, which is a clever combination of multiple and small, high and low, long and short between pieces of wood, which can effectively limit the twisting of wood pieces in all directions without causing wood support. Cracking, better guarantee the integrity of the furniture, but also greatly enhance the intrinsic quality of mahogany furniture.
Each hoe and blink has a clear fixed locking function, which can effectively disperse the load-bearing capacity of the furniture during the overall assembly, and the cross-section of the wood is not visible on the exterior of the furniture, only the opening and closing of the wood texture is different. In order to see the seam between the rafts. These crafted enamel structures form the unique craftsmanship of hardwood furniture.
5, starting from the line round
After finishing the boring, the line is rounded. Nowadays, many mahogany furniture factories use machines to pick up the lines. Starting the line means placing the designed template pattern on the part, drawing the outline with a pen, and using the band saw to saw the contour of the high and low undulation according to the traced edge. The main purpose of rounding is to make the surface look more rounded and feel more comfortable.
6, put it
The final step in the woodworking process is to recognize it. Putting it means that the wood parts of the parts that are well-cut and well-assembled are assembled into a relatively independent structural unit, mainly to check whether the size is appropriate, whether it is rigorous, and whether there is any skew or warp angle.
Process focus:
1. If it is found that there is skew or warp angle, it should be adjusted in time. The interface should be strict and the shape should be regular. There should be no problem that the four corners are not in the same plane.
2, æ¦«å¯ generally do not seek smooth, just flat, to carry out the rigorous, clean mouth repair, to ensure that the surface of each structural unit meets the strict scale regulations, 榫 and å¯ do not tight.
Process three engraving process
In order to make the mahogany furniture look more beautiful, after the completion of the woodworking process, it is usually decorated with some simple or complicated carvings, which is the engraving ornamentation in the industry. The engraving and ornamentation must be carried out after the completion of the “Pinkâ€, because it needs to be trimmed when “Pinkâ€. If the engraving is done first, then the texture is difficult to ensure that the engraved parts are on the same plane, and at this time, in order to ensure that the engraved parts are neat. Uniform, only the modification of the carving is done, if the processing is not good, the carved parts will be invalidated, so it is necessary to carry out the engraving decoration after the recognition.
The most common forms of mahogany furniture carving are: flat carving, openwork carving, round carving, enamel carving, double-sided openwork, embossed brocade, and embossed. The content of each form is different and has its own characteristics. It should be said that the entire process of mahogany furniture, engraving process accounted for more than half.
The requirements for hand-carving in mahogany furniture are very strict. In the engraving workshop, every engraver should concentrate on engraving. Once the knife is wrong, the whole board can't be repaired. The quality of mahogany furniture is very good. Big. The finished product of the engraving also requires: the flower root is clear, the flower shape is as true as true, the truth is not true, the line is unified, the upper and lower sides are matched, the left and right are proportional, the bump is orderly, the flat is innocent, etc., the woodworking craft and engraving process in mahogany furniture In combination, it is possible to reflect the effects of the common radiance, the safflower green leaves and the same work.
Engraving steps:
1. Draw a design according to the content to be engraved, and then glue the designed pattern to the surface to be engraved with glue. After the glue is dried, the plate is fixed on the console with an iron clip.
2. Use the blanking knife and hammer to punch out the basic outline of the pattern, which is the “heading†in the industry. When starting the head, different types of blanking knives should be used according to the thickness of the pattern.
3. Use the light-cutting knife to further process the pattern. This process is also called shovel work. It is mainly to flatten the corners, highlight the lines of the engraving pattern, and level the recessed parts.
4. Use a scraper to clear the bottom to make the engraving surface smoother and smoother.
5, using a triangular knife to deal with those very small patterns that need to be done, the industry term is called "work on the top."
Process four grinding process
After the carving, the surface needs to be polished. The grinding is an important step in the process of making mahogany furniture. The quality of the polishing directly affects the consumer's first impression of the mahogany furniture.
Polishing steps:
1. For the first time, the engraved small parts are polished and finished. When sanding, the sandpaper is rolled into a conical shape, so that all parts of the plate can be polished in place. When grinding, use 5 kinds of sandpapers of different sizes 180, 240, 320, 600, and 1500 to polish several times. The purpose is to smooth the surface of the furniture, and use a more and more fine sandpaper to grind the coarse sandpaper marks. In addition, some furniture factories use the 2500 and 3500 sandpaper precision grinding to achieve higher smoothness and feel.
2. After the first grinding, the parts are returned to the carpentry workshop for trial assembly by the carpentry. After the trial assembly of the woodworker, the woodworker should first carefully check the various parts to see if the connection between the parts is appropriate, whether the structure is rigorous, whether the whole is coordinated, and if there is an inappropriate place, it is necessary to split it down. Then correct it again, and then perform the test assembly check again after the correction.
In short, after the components are connected in a compact and overall coordination, they are further separated for further polishing. After polishing, the surface of the furniture is required to be smooth and round and smooth, without waves, and the feel is not high or low. The visual inspection is no different. The so-called exquisite workmanship and fine workmanship are all played here.
Craftsmanship:
In ancient times, there was no sandpaper, and the craftsmen used the hoe to polish the furniture. Scribbled grass, also known as knot grass, wood thief, table grass. This kind of grass has burrs, harvest in autumn, dry and keep it ready. When used, it can be restored by warm water soaking. The burr is fully opened and used for polishing the surface of furniture parts, especially for carving patterns and lines. It not only guarantees the smoothness and brightness of all parts, but also does not hurt the engraving and decoration. It is a natural and environmentally-friendly grinding material.
Process 5 assembly process
Assembled in the woodworking industry, it is called “攒活儿â€. In the assembly of small parts, a kind of craft called “hopper†is used. “Bullet†is an industry term, which uses the structure of æ¦«å¯ to make many small pieces of wood. In a variety of geometric patterns, can form a large area of ​​decorative panels, this process is called "æ”’"; the small wood clusters made of enamel are called "buckets". These two processes are often combined with the use of these two processes, so they are called "squatting", and the southern craftsmen call it "paddle".
The splicing process perfectly reflects the combination of science and art. Through the geometric decoration of the splicing process, some form a pattern repeatedly with a simple pattern, and some form a two-way continuous, square continuous form with a single pattern. Common geometric decorations include 4D, cross, Tianzi, curved, echo, up and down, straight, and slant. These traditional styles use the "bucket" craft made of fine wood to form a decorative language.
Process six painting or waxing process
Painting or waxing is the last process of mahogany furniture making process, and there has been no lost technology since ancient times.
Waxing process points:
1. Before waxing, you can apply a layer of wood anti-explosion agent on top, so that you can lock the moisture better and then put it in a cool place for one day.
2. After drying, the parts are ground with 400 sandpaper, and then sanded with 1000 sand. The purpose of grinding is to increase the texture, and the furniture will look brighter and more delicate. All parts should be ground in place. After polishing, brush the dust off with a brush, especially the recessed parts should be cleaned, then blow the surface clean with a hair dryer.
3. Use beeswax with good quality. When waxing, the beeswax can be placed in an iron drum, and then heated on a stove. After the beeswax is melted, it is evenly rubbed on the surface of the part with a soft cotton cloth, and the force is repeatedly applied when rubbing. To ensure that the wax penetrates well into the part.
4. Place the wax for one day after the wax is finished. After the wax is fully infiltrated into the wood, polish it and then wax it again.
The main points of the paint process:
1. The painting process takes a long time. Generally, it is painted several times. The last time the paint is blown dry, the whole process takes at least 15 days.
2, the chemical conditioning agent in the cotton yarn should be in the right amount when painting, every place must be up, can not be missed.
3. You can't stay in one place during the rubbing process. You can't redo the side in the place you've done. It will make the whole piece of flowers very beautiful. It's not beautiful. Only the bottom and the top should be done on one side. It is necessary to do it from top to bottom, and the place with the flower board is done first.
4, after the surface is dried, use 320 good sandpaper to polish the dryness first. If you can polish it, use 400 sand to start picking the carved flower board. The plane is polished with 320, which can't be polished. Strike hard, which will penetrate the layer of fixing agent.
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