TUNEL method [terminal dexynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling] (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling assay) Also known as in situ end labeling of DNA breaks.
Apoptosis refers to the orderly death of cells that are controlled by genes to maintain homeostasis. Apoptosis is different from cell necrosis. Apoptosis is not a passive process, but an active process. It involves the activation, expression and regulation of a series of genes; it is not a kind of autologous injury under pathological conditions. Phenomenon, but a death process that is actively pursued to better adapt to the living environment.
In apoptosis, chromosomal DNA double-strand breaks or single-strand breaks produce a large number of viscous 3'-OH ends, which can deoxyribonucleotides and fluorescence under the action of deoxyribonucleotide terminal transferase (TdT). a derivative of peroxidase, alkaline phosphatase, or biotin, which is labeled at the 3'-end of DNA, allowing for the detection of apoptotic cells. Terminal - deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL). Since normal or growing cells have almost no DNA breaks, there is no 3'-OH formation and few can be stained.
TUNEL is actually a combination of molecular biology and morphology. In situ staining of intact single apoptotic nuclei or apoptotic bodies can accurately reflect the typical biochemical and morphological features of apoptosis. Paraffin-embedded tissue sections, frozen tissue sections, cultured cells, and cells isolated from tissues were assayed for cell morphology, and a very small number of apoptotic cells were detected, and thus were widely used in the study of apoptosis.
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