March 22, 2017 - Researchers have found that stem cells from the umbilical cord may be the key to the next generation of autografts, reducing the number of surgeries that newborns need to undergo because of certain congenital heart disease.
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common birth defect. In the UK alone, 4,000 newborns are diagnosed with CHD each year. Due to advances in treatment and care techniques, 8/10 of CHD children can now grow up healthily.
However, the only treatment for these diseases is prosthetic surgery – replacing damaged tissue with a piece of tissue called a graft. Because the child's heart often grows beyond the repaired graft, the child needs to undergo repeated surgery during childhood.
Now, Professor Massimo Caputo and Paolo Madeddu from the Bristol Heart Institute at the University of Bristol have used umbilical cord and placental stem cells to grow a cell transplant that grows like a living tissue, so it can be combined with childhood heart tissue. Growing. This means that this new graft can replace multiple surgeries that require a larger graft because the child's heart can be grown with just one operation.
These grafts have been tested in animal models that reflect the true condition of the human body, and the researchers examined their ability to grow and regenerate damaged hearts. The researchers also explored which cells are best for transplantation, so they can adjust a range of treatments and solutions based on patient needs. With the completion of the first two parts of the experiment, the researchers are preparing to open clinical trials for the treatment of newborns.
Massimo Captuo, a professor of congenital heart surgery from the School of Clinical Sciences, said: "We believe that stem cells from the umbilical cord are critical for a new generation of grafts. These grafts grow at the same rate as children, and because they contain the DNA of the recipient itself. Therefore, the risk of transplant rejection is low."
Paolo Madeddu, a professor of cardiovascular medicine from the School of Clinical Sciences, added: "The current treatment regimen is not good for the long-term outcomes of most young patients and can significantly affect their quality of life. By developing these new implants, we hope It can reduce the number of operations that a newborn with congenital heart disease must undergo."
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