Large-scale instruments and equipment is an important basic condition for teaching, scientific research, and technological development in colleges and universities, and it is an important characterization index for considering the scientific research strength and technological development capabilities of colleges and universities [1]. At present, most universities have built large-scale instruments and equipment sharing and sharing platforms and management systems, but the whole is still in the exploration stage. A complete and effective management system has not yet been formed, and the actual utilization efficiency of the shared platform is not high. In order to ensure the effective operation of the large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platform in universities, analyze the reasons for the low efficiency of the shared platform, and establish a mechanism for improving the efficiency of the use of large-scale instruments and equipment [2], it is to supervise the good operation of the large-scale instrument sharing platform and ensure the smooth progress of experimental teaching and scientific research Facilitate the promotion of social services and scientific research innovation in universities.
1 Problem analysis
To establish a mechanism for improving the utilization efficiency of a shared platform for large-scale instruments and equipment in colleges and universities, first of all, we should carefully analyze the actual situation of each school and investigate its deep-seated reasons. Generally speaking, the reasons for the low efficiency of large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platforms in colleges and universities are usually as follows:
(1) Incomplete system: The management system of large-scale instruments and equipment is not perfect, and the maintenance and repair system is not perfect, and the necessary reward and punishment system and supervision mechanism are lacking.
(2) Insufficient personnel: The operation and management personnel of large-scale instruments and equipment are insufficient, relying on part-time operators, and some operators' ability and technology are not enough.
(3) Insufficient funds: The use and maintenance funds are not in place, the operating funds are insufficient, the school is not included in the special budget, and the operation of large-scale instruments and equipment lacks benign circulating funds and basic maintenance funds [3].
(4) Insufficient technology: Some large-scale instruments and equipment have special requirements for operation, and there is a lack of technical teams in college management departments, incomplete technical files, and insufficient training of operators.
2 Basic principles of mechanism establishment
The efficiency improvement mechanism of the shared platform is a perfect measure in management and operation in response to the problems existing in the large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platform of colleges and universities. The ultimate goal is to achieve "promote management by system and promote efficiency" [4], so The establishment of the promotion mechanism should be based on the management and operation mechanism of the sharing platform, closely combined with the actual situation of the school, and build a systematic and perfect large-scale instrument and equipment sharing mechanism to give full play to the comprehensive benefits of large-scale scientific research and teaching instruments. The establishment of a shared platform to improve the efficiency of the mechanism should follow the following basic principles:
2.1 Purpose principle
The construction of the utilization efficiency improvement mechanism of the large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platform must be based on ensuring the healthy and orderly operation of the platform [5], and the management operation steps and procedures should be optimized to promote the improvement of equipment utilization and standardized management.
2.2 Targeted principle
The mechanism for improving the utilization efficiency of large-scale instruments and equipment sharing platforms in colleges and universities must fully consider the characteristics of the unit, and have the characteristics of the school on the basis of having general characteristics. For example, some large-scale instruments in agricultural and forestry colleges only accept experiments or related tests on plant-based materials, which avoids unnecessary interference of other related biological research on our school ’s scientific research and teaching.
2.3 Operational principles
The efficiency improvement mechanism of the large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platform requires a concise system, clear responsibilities, and easy work. The system does not require large and complete systems, but requires efficiency as the core [5], which is easy to understand and operate. The establishment of the mechanism must fully take into account the objective differences of large-scale instruments and equipment in different universities subject to objective conditions, and actively explore the improvement and enrichment of the management system under the current conditions to adapt the mechanism to the current requirements of school teaching and scientific research. In the future, the overall quality of the equipment management work will be improved to seek space.
2.4 Service principle
The establishment of the efficiency improvement mechanism is to better serve teaching and scientific research work, is more conducive to the promotion of scientific research results, and more convenient for social use. This is the basic direction and development goal of guiding the management of large-scale instruments and equipment.
3 Composition of the mechanism
The efficiency improvement mechanism of the large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platform is a multi-level system. In order to make the mechanism operate well and effectively improve the use efficiency, in addition to establishing the necessary management and operation mechanism, it should also be from the security system, benefit evaluation, management supervision, and incentive policies. To supplement and improve. Effectively monitor and evaluate the use of the shared platform, make a long-term evaluation of the use efficiency and sharing benefits of instruments and equipment, and strive to form a good large-scale instrument and equipment sharing environment to achieve the improvement of equipment use efficiency and the benefits of the shared platform. Provide support for schools to carry out teaching, scientific research and social services (as shown in Figure 1).
3.1 Operating mechanism for effective operation
3.1.1 Improve management organization
Colleges and universities should select appropriate management structures according to the characteristics of the school ’s asset management to fully ensure that managers and operators are in place and without vacancies, which is conducive to the improvement of the efficiency of the shared platform.
3.1.2 Clear job responsibilities
Clarify the responsibilities and tasks of managers and operators, through strict implementation of job responsibilities, assessment and calculation of workload, etc., to achieve separation of functions and use their responsibilities, and gradually eliminate the phenomenon of who is in charge of management and private ownership of public property, to ensure shared operation.
3.1.3 Implement rules and regulations
Establishing and perfecting rules and regulations is the basic guarantee for improving the efficiency of the use of large-scale instruments and equipment. Only by establishing rules and regulations can rules be followed and can the shared platform be truly effective. All colleges and universities should formulate a series of management and supervision such as "Management Measures for Large-Scale Instruments and Equipment", "Management Measures for the Use of Archives for Large-Scale Instruments and Equipment", "Measures for the Inspection and Maintenance of Large-Scale Instruments and Equipment" and "Measures for Open Utilization of Large-Scale Instruments and Equipment Sharing Platform" and other series of management and supervision , The use of related systems [6], so as to standardize the use of large instruments and equipment, and make it scientific and standardized.
3.1.4 Establish a management information platform
In order to improve the utilization efficiency of large-scale instruments and equipment, we should fully rely on the campus network and the Internet, develop and manage information platforms, and form a school-level large-scale instruments and equipment shared information system. The platform covers 5 management levels: basic information management for large instruments and equipment, open information sharing, open appointment use, real-time monitoring of use, and problem feedback. Through the construction of the management information platform, it has brought about the innovation of large-scale equipment management mechanism and the improvement of service level. On the management information platform, all large-scale instruments and equipment are open to the inside and outside of the school, serving the school and the society, providing consulting services and equipment maintenance services to teachers and students and the society, and providing evaluation suggestions for the purchase of instruments and equipment.
3.2 The trinity guarantee mechanism
The guarantee mechanism for the efficiency improvement of the large-scale instrument sharing platform mainly includes the following three aspects: personnel guarantee, fund guarantee and technical guarantee.
3.2.1 Construction management and experimental technical team
It is very necessary to improve the utilization efficiency of the large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platform and build a high-level management and experimental technical team. Sharing platforms to carry out high-level scientific research and teaching services requires an effective operating mechanism, and even requires a high-level management and experimental team. The construction of the shared platform team mainly starts from the aspects of positioning, understanding, structure and level. Qualified management and laboratory technicians are the guarantee for developing and using the functions of instruments and equipment. Even advanced equipment without qualified operators is like scrap iron. Only by actively introducing and cultivating management and experiment staff can we better utilize the functions of instruments and equipment, and be able to make accurate and reliable analysis and testing, and make the laboratories with large instruments and equipment have a good reputation in the industry. Experimental technicians should be encouraged to actively develop and expand the functions of large-scale instruments and equipment, strengthen the expansion of the application field, and strive to broaden the social service field, extend the industry application chain, and make the best use of it.
3.2.2 Training related technical personnel
Strengthen the technical training of experimental technicians, strengthen the professional normative education of managers, and ensure the advanced nature of experimental techniques and the stability of the management team. Colleges and universities should regularly organize relevant technicians and high-level experimenters to train management and technical personnel, especially the operation training of large instruments and equipment, so that the main force of school teaching and scientific research-teachers and graduate students can master the operation of modern instruments and equipment in time, So as to ensure work efficiency.
3.2.3 Establish a maintenance fund
Colleges and universities should set up a "large instrument and equipment maintenance fund" to support the use and sharing of large instruments and equipment. The main source of this fund should be the main part of the normal income obtained by using the open service of the sharing platform, deducting the equipment depreciation fee and material consumption fee. In addition to water, electricity consumption, technical service fees and management fees, and the school ’s reserve funds, most of the remaining funds can be included in the “large instrument equipment maintenance fund†for daily maintenance and technical support of the instrument. With the support of large-scale instrument and equipment maintenance funds, large-scale instruments and equipment with high utilization rate of teaching experiments and commonly used in scientific research can be repaired and maintained with priority, which can reduce the accident of instrument and equipment and reduce the failure rate of instruments, thereby effectively improving the use of shared platforms effectiveness.
3.3 Incentive mechanism with clear rewards and penalties
3.3.1 Establish a reward and punishment system
The performance appraisal method can be adopted for the jobs on the shared platform, supplemented by the reward and punishment system of rewarding good and punishing bad. A variety of awards such as the Excellent Laboratory Technician Award, the Experimental Technology Achievement Award, and the Use Benefit Award for Large-scale Instruments and Equipment can be established according to the actual situation of each university to actively adjust the motivation and creativity of the motivation group personnel to further improve the service level and quality [7]. At the same time, certain punishment measures shall be taken for the staff who fail to meet the performance assessment standards to achieve the role of incentive and supervision.
3.3.2 Set up positions and titles
Qualified colleges and universities can consider setting up a senior title in engineering technology series and assessing the senior title (researcher) in engineering technology series [8], which will greatly enhance the enthusiasm of experimental technicians and play a very important role in mobilizing the enthusiasm of experimental technicians. Good promotion.
3.4 Scientific and standardized evaluation mechanism
3.4.1 Scientifically determine the evaluation system
In order to objectively judge the use efficiency of the large-scale instrument and equipment sharing platform, a set of standardized and scientific evaluation systems must be developed to comprehensively evaluate the use of the large-scale instrument sharing platform. The specific indicators in the evaluation system should include teaching contribution rate, social service benefits, and scientific research support. These indicators can comprehensively and objectively evaluate the contribution and impact of large-scale instrumentation and equipment sharing platforms on college teaching quality, scientific research results, and social services. At the same time, the evaluation indicators should also include indicators such as equipment function expansion, sharing platform sharing level, completeness of rules and regulations, management personnel level, and experimental technical team structure. These indicators are a comprehensive assessment of the service environment of the large-scale instrument sharing platform.
3.4.2 Improve evaluation efficiency
The content of the comprehensive evaluation of the utilization efficiency of large-scale instruments and equipment sharing platforms in universities is not a result formed in a short time, but a staged and cumulative result. Therefore, the evaluation method is often in the form of tracking, verification, main inspection, etc., which guarantees the evaluation Reliability and accuracy of results.
3.5 Regular monitoring and authority mechanism
3.5.1 Conduct regular assessments
The school should regularly check the use of large-scale instruments and equipment, organize relevant departments and instrument experts, subject experts and other professionals to conduct field visits, check the self-assessment and self-assessment of large-scale instrumentation and equipment public analysis and test centers, and use the shared platform Demonstrate and evaluate efficiency, and grasp the use of large-scale instruments and equipment through dynamic monitoring in real time.
3.5.2 Actively strive for authority
While using large-scale instruments and equipment to serve the society, universities should pay attention to the image role and influence of the sharing platform, expand contacts with government departments, enterprise units, scientific research institutions and other units, expand the influence of industries, departments and other fields, and strive to make sharing The platform becomes the authority or first choice in related fields.
4 Conclusion
The mechanism for improving the efficiency of the use of large-scale instruments and equipment is an important part of the university laboratory management system. The mechanism includes five aspects: operation, guarantee mechanism, incentive mechanism, supervision mechanism and evaluation mechanism. The establishment of this mechanism can comprehensively improve the sharing efficiency of large-scale instruments and equipment in colleges and universities, and better support the development of scientific research and teaching in colleges and universities. At the same time, this mechanism improves the management of laboratory instruments and equipment in colleges and universities The orderly development of the work is of great benefit in improving the overall strength of the university.
references
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