Through the description of the basic characteristics of the children's box court, we have already had some perceptual knowledge of the children's box court. In this section, we will make a specific analysis and discussion.
1. The introduction of infants ’courts is based on toys, and trust is important
In this study, the witness ’s instruction was: "There is a sandbox and various toys. Please use them to place whatever you want in the sandbox, or do whatever you want. There is no time limit. "Sometimes it will also allow young children to put their hands into the sandbox to feel the sand, and then start making. Toddlers can ask the witnesses if they do n’t understand before starting production, such as “Is it okay to put it on?†“Can these toys be used?†And so on. However, when making a box court, it is difficult for them to understand by these instructions alone, especially when young children first arrive in an unfamiliar environment, they often show anxiety and fear, are unwilling to be separated from their parents, and it is difficult to enter the game immediately, so Witnesses are required to establish a trust relationship with young children first, and then tell them how to do it. To establish a relationship of mutual trust with young children in just a few minutes, the key is to use toys. Witnesses can take some toys from the toy rack and communicate with the children through the toys. They can imitate the language of the toys to say hello to the children, lead the children to visit the toys and the sandbox, touch the sand with the children, and invite them to play in the sandbox. And demonstrate that you can put toys in the sandbox. When the toddler takes the toy from the witness or starts looking for a toy on the toy rack, it means that he has begun to accept the witness and the game environment. At this time, the witness can say to the toddler: "Come, we put the toys we like Go to the sandbox. These toys can be placed. You can do whatever you want. Tell me after the placement, okay? "If the toddler still does n’t understand, the witness can demonstrate using a few simple toys to place in the sandbox. This scene is then dismantled and let the child choose his favorite toy to arrange the scene he conceived. It is not difficult to see that the introduction time of the child ’s box court is longer than that of adults. It is necessary to use toys as a medium and to join the parents of the children to establish a trust relationship.
2. Long production time and many changes
As mentioned in the previous analysis, the time for children to make the box court is generally longer, because they change quickly during the production process, and the toys that have just been placed are put back again if they feel inappropriate. Adjust the toys in the sandbox at any time. The location may be related to the psychological development characteristics of children at this age (3-6 years old). Their attentional stability is poor, mainly involuntary attention, and the scope of attention is also small, making it difficult for them to come around a theme. Placement, so there are features of long production process and many changes.
Third, the movement of toys
Half of the children who participated in this study had more than 10 times of mobile toys, which is related to the easy-to-transfer and easy-to-change attention characteristics of 3-6 year old children. They have not yet been able to control their behavior and life scenes well. It has strong dynamic characteristics for children's box court. Witnesses also found that these children's mobile toys are sometimes used to express the behavior and expression of toys, fully reflecting the characteristics of their specific image thinking.
4. The basic composition of the work
(1) Number and type of toys
Most of the children ’s play in the box house are animal toys. The symbolic theory believes that animals represent a primitive, instinctive force, so their large number of appearances in the child ’s box house may reflect the lack of early autonomy and the heart of the child Undifferentiated power. Jung believes that children at this stage are in the stage of identification with objective objects. Self and non-self are regarded as a whole. They cannot yet distinguish the internal world from the external world. They belong to the primitive stage of self-development. The mental image is the manifestation of this primitive self-state. And how do young children treat these animals? Researchers have found that 5 young children put food beside the animals, saying that they are for the animals (Figure 7-7). According to Karlf's theory, this is the first step for young children to learn how to gain experience from others, rather than just passively accepting offers from others, it is a manifestation of independence.
In addition, animals are the most familiar images in the lives of young children. Most of the stories they listen to, the cartoons they watch, and the children ’s songs they sing have animal images, so it is easy for young children to project their emotions on these animal toys. Identify with them and express your inner world through them.
Character toys are also relatively frequently used, mainly including realistic characters, sci-fi superheroes and heroes. Realistic characters mainly represent important others in the children's lives in the boxing works, such as parents, important caregivers and good friends other than parents. For example, the characters in the lower right corner of W.ZQ's works (see Figure 7-3) represent mom and herself. There is no dad because she doesn't like dad. Another example is that L.JY said that the two characters in the lower right corner of her work (Figure 7-5) are sister and sister. In real life, her cousin lives with their family and often takes care of her. Science fiction superhumans and heroes are usually the characters in children's favorite cartoons. They represent justice and possess the magical power of superman. They may be the manifestation of children's inner desire for strength and independence. As shown in Figure 7-8, the superman in the upper part of the sandbox is regarded by young children as the most powerful person. He is directing everything around him and is also his favorite person.
[The house is a kitten ’s castle, and two girls are dancing to the kitten. The pigs are meeting to discuss how to kill the beast with a stick, but they will not win because they are too small and the beast is big. The zebra is smelling all around, and the beasts are looking for food. Under the bridge is the river, the ducks are floating, the plane is flying to the northeast (because SS's hometown is in the northeast), and the piggy sits inside the plane. The piggy says, "I want to go back to the northeast too." ]
(The place where the flag is inserted in the right half represents the troops, and Altman in the upper middle controls all of this. The straw in the lower right is for those who run fast. The car transports things, and the balance is toasted, baked to 10 degrees In order to eat, it is Dad who plays football, the wine is for Dad, and the baby is ready to cross the bridge.)
Plant toys appear relatively frequently, mainly as fruits and some embellished flowers. Among them, the fruit may be a reflection of the theme of "feeding" in the lives of young children. They are usually fed in their daily lives. In the process of making the hut, they provide food for animals and act as feeders and experience autonomy. a feeling of. Flowers and grass are not only embellished in the eyes of children. There is a child who represents himself and the researcher with grass, which is reflected in "Birthday of Grass" (Figure 7-6). The grass surrounded by the beads was herself, and the grass next to it was "Auntie Cao". Everyone came to give the grass a birthday. There was also a young child who used the lawn as a weapon to stab monsters.
Although supplies and toys are used a lot, toys in this category are very mixed, such as labor tools, clothing accessories, containers and tableware, school supplies, musical instruments, food and beverages, medicines, etc. The choice of children is also scattered because of this It is mainly related to their different life experiences. Individuals are very different, and it is difficult to see the regularity.
(2) Use of sand
Seven of the young children who participated in the study did not move the sand. Although three people moved the sand, but the intensity was not great. It may be related to their first contact with the sand court. They are unfamiliar with the environment and dare not explore the game environment boldly.
(3) Use of space
Observing the box works of these 10 young children, the obvious feeling is that they are full. They often regard the full sandbox as the standard for completing the work, and they are placed from all directions, generally from the nearest to them. The place starts, from near and far, until the entire sandbox is filled, that is to say, young children do not always stand in front of the sandbox to make, their standing position changes at any time, so that the sandbox ’s All corners are taken care of, which fully reflects the self-centered psychological characteristics of 3 ~ 5 year old children, and this boxy pattern of "occupying" seems to be a projection of the undifferentiated inner state of the child. They have no strength and ability. Controlling your own life scene can only be passively accepted and coped.
In addition to making box works, the youngest child (just over 3 years old) in the subject also played a game of "playing a house" outside the box. She treated the two bunnies as her own children, and as mothers, for the bunnies. Cook, buy vegetables and feed medicine, and invite the researcher to play with her and let the researcher be a vegetable seller. For toddlers who are just 3 years old, they are still difficult to distinguish between inside and outside the sandbox, without a clear sense of boundaries, so the entire playroom is their play space, not just limited to the sandbox, which often reflects the toddler The boundaries of the self are still uncertain, and sometimes it also reflects a fear and anxiety about self-expression.
Another child made two box courts, the first one was very full, and the second one had a clear theme ("Little Grass's Birthday"). This toddler was very uncomfortable when he started to enter the Sanding Room. He always took the mother ’s hand, did n’t look at any toys, asked her questions, and she did n’t answer. They are placed in the sandbox. Unexpectedly, a box court could not meet her requirements, and then another one was made, with a clear theme. It can be considered that the first box court is a "transition" for children to adapt to the environment and become familiar with toys, and the second is her real creation.
5. The theme of the work is the reproduction of life experience
When researchers directly ask children about the theme of the boxing works, they usually have a hard time answering. Therefore, the researchers let them look at the scenes they set up to tell stories. Except for one child who does not know how to tell, other children can tell, and many of them are telling stories while they are posing The box becomes the stage for them to interpret the world of fairy tales or science fiction. Only four young children clearly stated the theme of the story, which were "animals watching geese", "their home", "grass birthday", and "all animal amusement park". Although other children did not explicitly mention it, all of their stories Containing scenes of struggle, the struggle between animals, the struggle between animals and Superman, and the struggle between Superman and enemies, it seems that they need an energy to deal with the struggle of internal and external forces, thus integrating the inner and the outside, the self and the non-self , Out of the egocentric state. In order to better grasp the theme of the story of the children ’s box court, the researchers also learned some background information about the children ’s life from the parents of the children, such as the relationship between the children and the parents, the performance of the children in the kindergarten, the cartoons and listening Stories, etc., and found that many of the prototypes and scenes in the children ’s box story are reproductions of their own life experiences or imitating scenes in cartoons and fairy tales. This can also be seen in the character toys in the works discussed earlier. .
At the same time, when young children tell stories about the Sand Court, they naturally give the Sand Court works a time dimension. They use words such as "first", "then", "evening" and "day is dawning" to describe the time. Said that the toy was "first come", said that the toy at the back was "a certain toy is late", and said "tonight, going to sleep" to the toy that he could not pay attention to, he said when he wanted to play "It's dawn, it's time to get up" and so on. As mentioned earlier, there are many toys moving in the children's box garden, which is also related to this point, so their works are more dynamic and developmental.
Okada (1984) believes that the work of young children lacks integration and is messy. Our research also verifies this. For children who cannot clearly state the theme of the work, it may be that this kind of thinking task is a bit difficult for them. They can often say the purpose of putting a certain toy, but they cannot think about the relationship between toys, or they are only part of Instead of the whole, it does not have preliminary reasoning and generalization capabilities. Therefore, the production and development of the children's box court also reflects the development of their thinking to some extent.
6. Frequent interactions between young children and witnesses
The children's sandbox works use toys and sandboxes as the medium to tell us the story of the spiritual world. Children are both storytellers and protagonists. The witness should be the one who listens to the story. In fact, the witness is not only "listening" to the story, but also using the "heart" to accompany the children to feel and experience the story together, responding to their verbal and non-verbal words in a timely manner. When young children encounter difficulties, witnesses should give timely help to enable them to reach their inner ideas as much as possible and reduce regrets. If a child wants to find a birthday candle, but there is no toy on the shelf, she is very anxious, and the witness brings her crayons. She is very happy. Sometimes, at the invitation of young children, they will participate in their role in the story of the box court, and use the language of that character to talk with young children to help them tell their inner stories. , She plays "the mother who buys food for the child", and the children show their mother's usual scene of taking care of her most vividly, which makes people feel the deep love between mother and daughter.
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