The antigen targeted by anti-mitochondrial antibody (AMA) is the inner mitochondrial membrane, which is not organ-specific and species-specific. The antibody is mainly IgG and is related to PBC, but it has no direct damaging effect on liver cells or bile ducts, and its role in disease is not clear.
AMA is detected by immunofluorescence, using frozen sections of rat kidney as the matrix; it can also be detected by the complement binding test. The normal result is negative or the titer is below 1: 5. 79% to 94% of patients with PBC have a positive reaction or a titer ≥ 1: 160; long-term persistent liver obstruction, chronic active hepatitis; and unexplained cirrhosis can also be positive. But extrahepatic jaundice is negative.
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