As an important part of ITS intelligent transportation system, urban parking guidance system has been put into use in dozens of cities in Europe, America, Germany and Britain, and has achieved remarkable results, greatly alleviating urban traffic congestion, reducing road occupation and reducing vehicle exhaust. Emissions and noise have also significantly improved the utilization rate of the original parking facilities and achieved good social and economic benefits.
As cars "fly into the homes of ordinary people", the number of motor vehicles in large and medium-sized cities has risen sharply, and the existing parking resources have been unable to meet the growing demand for parking. Disorderly parking, traffic congestion, and parking difficulties have become troubled by major cities. Puzzle.
The author believes that in order to alleviate the urban traffic problems, in addition to formulating effective management regulations, it is necessary to use advanced information technology, data communication transmission technology and computer technology to establish a corresponding parking guidance system to improve urban traffic conditions, build less or eliminate chaos Stopping and occupying non-parking land, releasing parking lots/libraries and other parking information, guiding drivers to find suitable parking spaces reliably and effectively, greatly reducing parking time and wasting resources, and driving unfamiliar with road conditions Provide guidance services.
Intelligent parking guidance system
The intelligent parking guidance system consists of four parts: the parking lot data acquisition system, the data judgment processing system, the data transmission system and the parking lot data comprehensive release system (induction data of one or two levels), of which the first-level induction display (large screen) is mainly It is installed on the main traffic trunk line of the urban area, and displays the display device of the name, location and actual parking space status information of multiple parking lots (library), and the secondary induction display screen (middle screen) is set in the surrounding area of ​​the parking lot (library). On both sides of the street, the name of the parking lot (library), the driving route, and the display device of the actual parking space status information are released. The three-level induction display screen is set near the entrance of the parking lot (library), and the name of the single parking lot (library) is released. s installation.
Data collection In each parking lot (library), there is a data collection end, which senses the car entering and leaving the parking lot at any time. The data of the parking lot empty parking space monitoring system comes from the vehicle detector installed at the parking lot entrance and exit. The parking lot data collection device realizes the collection of the empty parking space information, and sends it to the parking information center at regular intervals to achieve the purpose of parking space condition monitoring and parking induction.
data processing
The data judgment processing system processes the collected parking lot usage status and surrounding road information into an appropriate form of information provided to the driver, and the parking lot is full (remaining parking space condition). In addition, the information processing system is also responsible for tasks such as storing parking lot information and changing the mode of use of the parking lot.
data transmission
The basic task of data transmission is to ensure the smooth flow from the information collection system to the information processing system to the information distribution system. Common forms include wired networks, GPRS, Wi-Fi, fiber optics, and the like. The data of each parking lot is collected by the parking lot data collecting device and distributed to the public information networking platform of the city, and the control center obtains the parking information data of the controlled parking lot from the networking platform.
Information Release
The parking guidance system information release facility includes: a variable information display screen, a traffic broadcast station, an Internet, a vehicle terminal, a mobile phone, and the like. The contents of the release information include: parking lot location, number of parking spaces, parking space usage, regional parking resources, alternative parking lots, charging conditions, road traffic conditions, traffic control measures, distribution of service facilities around the parking lot, driving routes, booking services Information, etc. Its task is to publish the information processed by the information processing system to the outside world in several levels. Usually, the control center provides the driver's use status on the variable information display board in a visual manner or by broadcasting to the driver at any time, or as part of the ITS, using the Internet, mobile phones, and vehicles. The navigation device is released in a manner such as. At present, the most basic and most commonly used release form is the induced display screen set on the road side.
Analysis of the status quo of intelligent parking induced development
In recent years, with the rapid development of computer and communication technology, the domestic parking space detection, communication, traffic signs and other technologies have been relatively mature, and the technical realization difficulties of the parking guidance system have been gradually eliminated. The practical application research of the parking guidance information system It is booming.
As an important part of ITS intelligent transportation system, urban parking guidance system has been put into use in dozens of cities in Europe, America, Germany and Britain, and has achieved remarkable results, greatly alleviating urban traffic congestion, reducing road occupation and reducing vehicle exhaust. Emissions and noise have also significantly improved the utilization rate of the original parking facilities and achieved good social and economic benefits.
Domestic key cities such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, Hangzhou, and Nanjing have also been applied. The systems in Beijing and Shanghai are relatively large. The scales of Hangzhou and Qingdao are relatively small, but they also have obvious application effects. According to statistics, as of 2013, 17 provinces, 4 municipalities directly under the Central Government and the Macao Special Administrative Region have installed parking guidance systems. Among them, Jiangsu has the largest number of cities installing parking guidance systems, followed by Zhejiang Province and four. The parking guidance systems in Shanghai, Beijing, Suzhou, and Chongqing have the widest coverage. There are 10 areas in Shanghai that have installed parking guidance systems, and seven in Beijing. At present, the investment entities of the parking guidance system project are basically government departments, such as the traffic police, the municipal government, the transportation commission, the business circle management committee, and the city government department.
Face up to problems and deficiencies
The parking guidance system is a system that induces the driver to find the parking lot most efficiently by providing the driver with information such as the location of the parking lot, the number of remaining berths, the route, and the related road traffic conditions. Due to the complexity and dynamic nature of the parking system itself, there are still some problems and deficiencies that need to be improved.
1. Lack of a standardized system for each subsystem in the general parking guidance system, parking lot information collection, free parking space information release and driving route guidance need to be managed.
2. The information release of the parking guidance system is relatively simple. It only uses the single form of VMS display, and the information that can be released is also very simple. Only the real-time free parking space information of the corresponding parking lot can be released. The empty parking space collection only considers the parking lot, and the number of parking lots and the traffic conditions around the parking lot are very small. The published information is collected in real time, lacking relevant information prediction capabilities.
As one of the key parameters of the parking guidance information system, accurate prediction of the change trend of parking berth is a prerequisite for the success of the system. At present, the path guidance provided by the parking guidance system for drivers is mainly static path induction. How to predict the change trend of parking berth becomes a technical problem and lacks predictability for traffic situation changes. It is easy to cause the message to lag behind the local congestion phenomenon.
4. There is no adequate integration of existing parking resources. When one or several parking lots in a certain city cannot provide parking services because the parking spaces are full or closed, there is no coordination method to guide the vehicles to timely use other parking facilities with vacant berths in the surrounding area.
5. The parking guidance information system is a large system with many components, dynamic and random interference factors. Most of the existing evaluations are qualitative discussions, lack of quantitative evaluation methods and corresponding evaluation indicators, and it is impossible to quantitatively evaluate the system image from various aspects before implementation.
At present, most parking guidance systems provide drivers with alternative parking lots and driving routes, and the driver makes his own choices. The information provided is limited, and the driver's individual needs cannot be considered, and the system and the driver cannot be formed. The interaction, and thus this way, causes two defects in the parking guidance system: (1) the arrival lag, that is, the arrival of the inducer and the discovery of no parking spaces; (2) the lack of traffic diversion, that is, in the busy areas of the commercial area, improper induction This will cause the parking to tend to agglomerate, causing local congestion.
Static induction and real-time dynamic interconnection
One of the purposes of the parking guidance system is to spatially distribute traffic flow reasonably and reduce traffic congestion on roads around the parking lot so that the driver can successfully complete the parking task in the shortest time. According to the traveler's demand, the induction center guides the driver to the desired parking lot according to the standard exercise route according to the result of the optimization, and directly participates in the travel plan of the traveler through the point-to-point interaction between the system and the driver. To achieve effective control objectives, to overcome problems such as delays in arrival and insufficient traffic diversion.
Real-time release of available parking space information and traffic information around the parking lot is the key to complete the parking task, while the traditional static induction will be unreasonable due to the driver's overall information on the traffic, resulting in unreasonable target area selection or conflict with other traveler targets. The situation, which in turn leads to parade phenomena, puts pressure on regional traffic. Therefore, static induction must be closely integrated with real-time dynamic publishing to achieve intelligent, efficient, and energy-efficient intelligent transportation.
The platform uses the latest static traffic management architecture and ideas, and relies on modern information technologies such as wireless communication networks, Internet of Things, and cloud computing to combine parking guidance, billing charges, and parking extension services to establish a unified management platform. Interoperability, interconnection and settlement of third-party platforms (dynamic traffic management, public safety management, third-party card payment, etc.). Through various data integration and analysis, the platform realizes richer humanized service and application, meets the information needs of different service objects, and improves the road network capacity and traffic management order in the region through professional solutions. Harmony of people, cars and roads, and meet the needs of post-operation and value-added services.
The intelligent parking guidance system is one of the subsystems of the static traffic service platform, and the achievable value includes:
1. The driver can grasp the congestion of the parking spot at a parking area in a certain area, thereby changing the mode of travel;
2. Improve the berth usage rate of each parking spot so that the berth resources and social needs are reasonably configured;
3. Create additional value for the parking management service unit;
4. Improve the quality of service for parking management and enhance the management image of the government or enterprises.
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