1.2 Coal-waste plastic co-liquefaction liquefaction
Wang Li, Chen Peng, and Jin Jiaxuan pointed out that based on the study of coal liquefaction and the co-treatment of coal and organic waste, it is pointed out that the development direction of coal direct liquefaction is mild liquefaction; the co-liquefaction of coal and waste plastic is such organic waste. The non-fuel use of materials and coal has opened up a new way.
Liao Hongqiang, Li Baoqing, Zhang Bijiang, etc. mixed propellant lignite with 5% polyethylene (PE) into a 10 g fixed-bed reactor and fed coke oven gas with co-pyrolysis at different pressures, heating rates, and final temperatures. The results show that the addition of waste plastic within the experimental pressure range (0.1MPa~3MPa) can achieve the atmospheric pyrolysis of coal-coke oven gas to reach or even exceed the tar yield of pyrolysis without high pressure (3MPa), and increase at the same time. The semi-coke yield significantly reduces pyrolysis moisture. Lowering the heating rate can significantly increase tar yield and reduce moisture. The addition of waste plastic can also achieve low-temperature pyrolysis of coal-coke furnace gas to reach or even exceed the tar yield at high temperature pyrolysis, while increasing the yield of semi-coke to reduce pyrolysis moisture. Through the addition of waste plastics, coal-coke oven gas co-pyrolysis process can further achieve mild and efficient pyrolysis.
Lü Yongping and Zhao Ming conducted research on the co-liquefaction treatment of coal and waste plastics in a small 50-ml reactor. The results show that, under certain conditions, waste plastics can effectively promote the conversion of coal, increase the conversion rate, and reduce hydrogen content. Consumption, ease reaction conditions.
Wang Li, Chen Peng, Wang Qi, and others used a radioactive isotope 3H-labeled polyethylene plastic to carry out the co-liquefaction tracer tests of vanguard lignite and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and examined the molybdenum ash (FAMo) catalyst and different solvents. influences. Tracer test results show that in the co-liquefaction process of Pioneer Coal and LDPE, the hydrogen-containing groups in the hydrogen-rich plastic LDPE do indeed act as hydrogen donors, and the hydrogen transfer from the hydrogen-containing groups to coal liquefaction free radicals does not need to pass through. Hydrogen for solvent delivery. Molybdenum ash catalysts can accelerate the hydrogen supply of LDPE plastics. When non-hydrogen solvent is used, in the initial stage of the co-liquefaction reaction between coal and LDPE, hydrogen-containing groups in LDPE are more likely to transfer to the thermal cracking products of coal under the action of molybdenum ash catalyst, and hydrogen competition phenomenon appears.
Zhao Ming, Guo Chunhua, Lü Yongping studied the reaction law and process conditions of the co-processing of coal and waste plastic in a 50 ml small reactor. The results show that in the co-processing of coal and plastic waste, under certain conditions, waste plastic can effectively promote the conversion of coal, increase oil yield, reduce hydrogen consumption, and slow down the harsh conditions of reaction conditions.
Li Dongtao, Li Wen, Li Baoqing and others used the pressurized thermobalance to study the pyrolysis behavior of coking coal from Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. and the influence of German waste plastics on the pyrolysis behavior of different coals in the co-coking process of coal and waste plastics. It is believed that the effect of different waste plastics on the thermogravimetric behavior of coking coal in Taiyuan Iron and Steel is not the same; the synergies of different coal types in co-pyrolysis with German plastics are also different, and the interaction between German waste plastics and coking coal is even greater. The synergistic effect of waste plastics and coal in co-pyrolysis is affected by the overlap of coal pyrolysis temperature zone, weight loss peak temperature, weight loss rate, and the amount of colloidal mass formed in coal. The interaction between waste plastic and coal increases the starting temperature of the co-pyrolysis weight loss of both. They used atmospheric fixed-bed and polarized light microscopy to study the effect of waste plastics on the distribution of coking products of different coal types and changes in the optical properties of coke. The experimental results show that the effect of adding waste plastics on the distribution of coking products varies from coal to coal. Only the coke coal has improved optical texture after adding waste plastics; the addition of 5% of mixed waste plastics and coking of coking coal blends is beneficial to Improve the distribution of the product and improve the optical texture of the coke; experiments on the co-concentration of the lean coal with the asphalt and the waste plastic show that the asphalt only plays the role of bonding different coal particles together. They also used 10g atmospheric pressure fixed-bed reactors, thermobalance, and polarized light microscopy to analyze the pyrolysis product distribution and the semi-focal optical properties of pyrolysis of different types of waste plastics (such as HDPE, LDPE, PP, and PS) in coking coal of TISCO. And thermogravity behavior was studied. The results show that the difference in the pyrolysis temperature range and peak temperature of coal and plastics determines the degree of synergy between the two; the addition of four plastics has no significant effect on the yield of semi-coke of net coking coal; when HDPE, LDPE, and PP are added, coking coal is added. The yield of tar increases, and the yield of pyrolysis water decreases, but the situation is reversed when PS is added. In addition to PP, the addition of other kinds of plastics can increase the content of optically anisotropic structures in semicoke.
Li Baoqing, Zhang Bijiang, Tian Fujun, Liao Hongqiang, etc. used different coal types and different waste plastics in a 10 g fixed-bed reactor to co-pyrolyze with 3 MPa coke oven gas. The heating rate was 10°C/min, the final temperature was 650°C, and the gas flow rate was 1L/min. The results show that the addition of 5% of polyethylene (PE) can increase the net coal pyrolysis tar yield (excluding self-pyrolysis oil production of waste plastics) by more than 5%, and the increase in tar yield to the original coal pyrolysis tar yield 21 % or more; the pyrolysis moisture decreases by about 2%, and the reduced water content accounts for about 20% of the raw coal pyrolysis moisture. The coal coke oven gas co-pyrolysis oil product yield is increased, the economic benefits are increased, and a new approach is opened up for realizing the value-added use of waste plastics.
1.3 Coal-blast plastic blast furnace blowing
The use of waste plastic instead of coke to recover the generated heat energy not only has a high energy utilization rate, but also produces less carbon dioxide emissions than the use of coke, which is one of the ways to treat waste plastics. At present, the method of burning and recycling energy is limited to the application of large-scale steel companies and waste power stations in a few countries (Germany, Japan, South Korea, etc.). Due to the variety of waste plastics, large volumes, and inclusions of silt, dirt, and moisture, it is critical for research and development to ensure sufficient combustion without releasing harmful gases to the atmosphere and to develop suitable incineration equipment. In recent years, China only began to carry out research in this area. From 1998 to 2000, Chinese journals published more than a dozen research papers in this area.
Jin Yuqi, Jiang Xuguang, Li Xiaodong, etc., through a mixed burning test of waste plastics and coal on a 1 MW large fluidized bed incinerator test bench, studied the combustion efficiency and the pollutants such as SO2, NOx, Dioxins, HCl, etc. when burning waste plastics. Emissions, analysis of the feasibility of separate incineration of waste plastic fluidized bed, and based on the results of the test, put forward recommendations for the design and operation of the incinerator.
Long Shigang, Guo Yanling, Meng Qingmin, and Zhu Yun and others studied the combustion characteristics of waste plastic under different granulation conditions under different atmospheres such as air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, and conducted comparative tests with pulverized coal. Research shows that: waste plastics have good flammability, and the use of waste plastic instead of coal powder injection into the blast furnace can obtain greater economic and social benefits.
Zhang Chunlei, Wang Youqing, and Liu Yangwu proposed the idea of ​​blasting waste plastics in blast furnaces in China. Taking Angang as an example, the feasibility of blast furnace waste plastic injection was analyzed based on the collection, classification, dechlorination, investment, and economic analysis of waste plastics.
Cao Feng, Guo Yanling, Long Shigang et al. conducted experiments on dechlorination of PVC waste plastics. The results show that the dechlorination effect of PVC is very good under the specific test conditions, and the optimal dechlorination temperature is 32 0 ~ 34 0 °C. It is feasible to treat the dechlorination of blast furnace after blasting.
Wang Li, Chen Peng, and Jin Jiaxuan pointed out that based on the study of coal liquefaction and the co-treatment of coal and organic waste, it is pointed out that the development direction of coal direct liquefaction is mild liquefaction; the co-liquefaction of coal and waste plastic is such organic waste. The non-fuel use of materials and coal has opened up a new way.
Liao Hongqiang, Li Baoqing, Zhang Bijiang, etc. mixed propellant lignite with 5% polyethylene (PE) into a 10 g fixed-bed reactor and fed coke oven gas with co-pyrolysis at different pressures, heating rates, and final temperatures. The results show that the addition of waste plastic within the experimental pressure range (0.1MPa~3MPa) can achieve the atmospheric pyrolysis of coal-coke oven gas to reach or even exceed the tar yield of pyrolysis without high pressure (3MPa), and increase at the same time. The semi-coke yield significantly reduces pyrolysis moisture. Lowering the heating rate can significantly increase tar yield and reduce moisture. The addition of waste plastic can also achieve low-temperature pyrolysis of coal-coke furnace gas to reach or even exceed the tar yield at high temperature pyrolysis, while increasing the yield of semi-coke to reduce pyrolysis moisture. Through the addition of waste plastics, coal-coke oven gas co-pyrolysis process can further achieve mild and efficient pyrolysis.
Lü Yongping and Zhao Ming conducted research on the co-liquefaction treatment of coal and waste plastics in a small 50-ml reactor. The results show that, under certain conditions, waste plastics can effectively promote the conversion of coal, increase the conversion rate, and reduce hydrogen content. Consumption, ease reaction conditions.
Wang Li, Chen Peng, Wang Qi, and others used a radioactive isotope 3H-labeled polyethylene plastic to carry out the co-liquefaction tracer tests of vanguard lignite and low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and examined the molybdenum ash (FAMo) catalyst and different solvents. influences. Tracer test results show that in the co-liquefaction process of Pioneer Coal and LDPE, the hydrogen-containing groups in the hydrogen-rich plastic LDPE do indeed act as hydrogen donors, and the hydrogen transfer from the hydrogen-containing groups to coal liquefaction free radicals does not need to pass through. Hydrogen for solvent delivery. Molybdenum ash catalysts can accelerate the hydrogen supply of LDPE plastics. When non-hydrogen solvent is used, in the initial stage of the co-liquefaction reaction between coal and LDPE, hydrogen-containing groups in LDPE are more likely to transfer to the thermal cracking products of coal under the action of molybdenum ash catalyst, and hydrogen competition phenomenon appears.
Zhao Ming, Guo Chunhua, Lü Yongping studied the reaction law and process conditions of the co-processing of coal and waste plastic in a 50 ml small reactor. The results show that in the co-processing of coal and plastic waste, under certain conditions, waste plastic can effectively promote the conversion of coal, increase oil yield, reduce hydrogen consumption, and slow down the harsh conditions of reaction conditions.
Li Dongtao, Li Wen, Li Baoqing and others used the pressurized thermobalance to study the pyrolysis behavior of coking coal from Taiyuan Iron and Steel Co., Ltd. and the influence of German waste plastics on the pyrolysis behavior of different coals in the co-coking process of coal and waste plastics. It is believed that the effect of different waste plastics on the thermogravimetric behavior of coking coal in Taiyuan Iron and Steel is not the same; the synergies of different coal types in co-pyrolysis with German plastics are also different, and the interaction between German waste plastics and coking coal is even greater. The synergistic effect of waste plastics and coal in co-pyrolysis is affected by the overlap of coal pyrolysis temperature zone, weight loss peak temperature, weight loss rate, and the amount of colloidal mass formed in coal. The interaction between waste plastic and coal increases the starting temperature of the co-pyrolysis weight loss of both. They used atmospheric fixed-bed and polarized light microscopy to study the effect of waste plastics on the distribution of coking products of different coal types and changes in the optical properties of coke. The experimental results show that the effect of adding waste plastics on the distribution of coking products varies from coal to coal. Only the coke coal has improved optical texture after adding waste plastics; the addition of 5% of mixed waste plastics and coking of coking coal blends is beneficial to Improve the distribution of the product and improve the optical texture of the coke; experiments on the co-concentration of the lean coal with the asphalt and the waste plastic show that the asphalt only plays the role of bonding different coal particles together. They also used 10g atmospheric pressure fixed-bed reactors, thermobalance, and polarized light microscopy to analyze the pyrolysis product distribution and the semi-focal optical properties of pyrolysis of different types of waste plastics (such as HDPE, LDPE, PP, and PS) in coking coal of TISCO. And thermogravity behavior was studied. The results show that the difference in the pyrolysis temperature range and peak temperature of coal and plastics determines the degree of synergy between the two; the addition of four plastics has no significant effect on the yield of semi-coke of net coking coal; when HDPE, LDPE, and PP are added, coking coal is added. The yield of tar increases, and the yield of pyrolysis water decreases, but the situation is reversed when PS is added. In addition to PP, the addition of other kinds of plastics can increase the content of optically anisotropic structures in semicoke.
Li Baoqing, Zhang Bijiang, Tian Fujun, Liao Hongqiang, etc. used different coal types and different waste plastics in a 10 g fixed-bed reactor to co-pyrolyze with 3 MPa coke oven gas. The heating rate was 10°C/min, the final temperature was 650°C, and the gas flow rate was 1L/min. The results show that the addition of 5% of polyethylene (PE) can increase the net coal pyrolysis tar yield (excluding self-pyrolysis oil production of waste plastics) by more than 5%, and the increase in tar yield to the original coal pyrolysis tar yield 21 % or more; the pyrolysis moisture decreases by about 2%, and the reduced water content accounts for about 20% of the raw coal pyrolysis moisture. The coal coke oven gas co-pyrolysis oil product yield is increased, the economic benefits are increased, and a new approach is opened up for realizing the value-added use of waste plastics.
1.3 Coal-blast plastic blast furnace blowing
The use of waste plastic instead of coke to recover the generated heat energy not only has a high energy utilization rate, but also produces less carbon dioxide emissions than the use of coke, which is one of the ways to treat waste plastics. At present, the method of burning and recycling energy is limited to the application of large-scale steel companies and waste power stations in a few countries (Germany, Japan, South Korea, etc.). Due to the variety of waste plastics, large volumes, and inclusions of silt, dirt, and moisture, it is critical for research and development to ensure sufficient combustion without releasing harmful gases to the atmosphere and to develop suitable incineration equipment. In recent years, China only began to carry out research in this area. From 1998 to 2000, Chinese journals published more than a dozen research papers in this area.
Jin Yuqi, Jiang Xuguang, Li Xiaodong, etc., through a mixed burning test of waste plastics and coal on a 1 MW large fluidized bed incinerator test bench, studied the combustion efficiency and the pollutants such as SO2, NOx, Dioxins, HCl, etc. when burning waste plastics. Emissions, analysis of the feasibility of separate incineration of waste plastic fluidized bed, and based on the results of the test, put forward recommendations for the design and operation of the incinerator.
Long Shigang, Guo Yanling, Meng Qingmin, and Zhu Yun and others studied the combustion characteristics of waste plastic under different granulation conditions under different atmospheres such as air, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, and conducted comparative tests with pulverized coal. Research shows that: waste plastics have good flammability, and the use of waste plastic instead of coal powder injection into the blast furnace can obtain greater economic and social benefits.
Zhang Chunlei, Wang Youqing, and Liu Yangwu proposed the idea of ​​blasting waste plastics in blast furnaces in China. Taking Angang as an example, the feasibility of blast furnace waste plastic injection was analyzed based on the collection, classification, dechlorination, investment, and economic analysis of waste plastics.
Cao Feng, Guo Yanling, Long Shigang et al. conducted experiments on dechlorination of PVC waste plastics. The results show that the dechlorination effect of PVC is very good under the specific test conditions, and the optimal dechlorination temperature is 32 0 ~ 34 0 °C. It is feasible to treat the dechlorination of blast furnace after blasting.
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