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In the winter of 1982, a Chinese scientist was analyzing a color satellite image when he noticed an unusual "mung bean spot" at the coordinates 113°55′E and 24°43′N. Intrigued by the anomaly, in January 1983, experts from the Institute of Geology, Minerals and Mineral Resources under the Ministry of Geology, along with staff from Guangdong’s 706 Geological Brigade, traveled to the site—Longdou, Zhazi Town, Shixing County.
After a thorough field investigation, they discovered a crater that was about 3 kilometers in diameter and 250 meters deep. The shape resembled a garden, with radial grooves on the bottom and arc-shaped ridges on the north and south edges. The area also showed signs of impact, such as micro-shearing in the rock layers, impact breccia, glass, and quartz. The granite at the bottom had fractured feldspar and twisted mica, all pointing to a meteorite impact.
According to isotope dating, the crater was formed around 70 million years ago during the Cenozoic era, nearly coinciding with the dinosaur extinction. It was caused by a large meteoroid that didn’t fully burn up in the atmosphere before crashing into Earth. Upon entry, it created a fireball due to friction, and the high-speed collision resulted in a massive explosion. The energy released was estimated to be equivalent to several atomic bombs.
On September 26, 1983, Wu Siben, a researcher from the National Institute of Geology, published a report titled “Discovery and Impact Characteristics of Longdou Crater†in *China Geological News*, officially announcing the discovery of China's first meteorite crater in Shixing County.
The Longdou Crater is not only a key site in astronomy but also vital for studying major natural disasters, lake formations, and the origins of the universe. Its discovery marked a significant milestone for astrophysics research in China and has been included in national textbooks like *Tectonic Geology* and *Guangdong Provincial Regional Geology*.
Longdou is part of the Daling Mountains within the Nanling range, also known as the Five Ridges. This region includes five major ridges, with Dagu Ridge being one of the most prominent. Located at the border of Guangdong and Jiangxi, it stretches from Xinfeng in Jiangxi to Shixing in Shaoguan. The peak reaches 1,360 meters above sea level, with two towering peaks that offer breathtaking views.
For those planning to hike this route, here are some essential gear recommendations:
- **Hiking Shoes**: The CRISPI MONACO GTX is ideal, featuring GORE-TEX lining for breathability and waterproofness. The NABUK IDRO leather is soft and comfortable, while VIBRAM soles provide excellent grip on rocky terrain.
- **Backpack**: The Dortmund 34204 Futura 22 is a great choice for day hikes, with a smart compartment design for easy access to essentials like water, food, and a headlamp. Its adjustable straps help keep the load close to your body for better balance.
- **Clothing**: Quick-dry long-sleeve shirts are recommended, especially during summer, to protect against the sun and ensure good ventilation.
- **Gloves**: Simple cotton gloves are perfect for climbing, offering flexibility and protection without being too bulky.
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