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In the winter of 1982, a Chinese scientist was analyzing a color satellite image when he noticed a distinct "mung bean spot" at the intersection of 113°55′ E and 24°43′ N. To investigate further, in January 1983, researchers from the Institute of Geology, Minerals and Mineral Resources under the Ministry of Geology, along with staff from the 706 Geological Brigade of Guangdong Province, visited the site—Long Dou, Zhazi Town, Shixing County.
The team climbed into the mountains and conducted careful surveys. Soon after, they made an exciting discovery. The crater measured about 3 kilometers in diameter and 250 meters deep, with a classic circular shape. The bottom showed radial grooves, and the edges featured arc-shaped ridges that stretched up to 5–8 meters wide. Notably, there were clear microstructures in the breccia, impact glass, and quartz, while the granite at the base showed signs of fracturing and deformation. All these clues confirmed it was a meteorite impact crater.
According to isotope dating, the crater formed around 70 million years ago during the Cenozoic era, nearly coinciding with the extinction of the dinosaurs. It was created by a large meteoroid that didn’t burn up completely in the atmosphere before crashing into Earth. Upon entry, the meteoroid would have burned into a fireball, and its high-speed collision caused a massive explosion. The energy released was equivalent to several atomic bombs, and the crater's size directly correlates with the explosion’s power.
On September 26, 1983, Mr. Wu Siben from the National Institute of Geology published a research report titled “Discovery and Impact Characteristics of Longdou Crater†in *China Geological News*, officially announcing Shixing County’s Longdou as China’s first known meteorite crater.
Meteor craters are vital in astronomy, helping scientists understand major Earth disasters, lake formation, cosmic origins, and mineral deposits. The discovery of the Longdou Crater provided China’s geological community with a key example for studying a new field of astrophysics. It has since been included in university textbooks like *Tectonic Geology* and *Guangdong Provincial Regional Geology*, becoming one of China’s most recognized crater sites.
Long Dou belongs to the Daling Mountains, part of the Nanling Range, also known as the Five Ridges. These ridges stretch from east to west, including Dagu Ridge, Qitian Ridge, Meng Zhuling, DuPont Ridge, and Yuecheng Ridge. The highest point is in the western section, famously referenced in Mao Zedong’s poem “Five Ridges rise like small waves.†Dagu Ridge spans the border between Guangdong and Jiangxi, and Long Dou is located at its southern tip, near the junction of Shixing and Qujiang counties. Standing at 1,360 meters above sea level, it features twin peaks and breathtaking views.
**Recommended Gear:**
- **Hiking Shoes**: CRISPI MONACO GTX – waterproof and breathable with GORE-TEX and Coolmax lining. The NABUK IDRO leather is soft and comfortable, while VIBRAM soles offer excellent grip on rocky terrain.
- **Backpack**: Dortmund 34204 Futura 22 – lightweight and spacious, with a sub-warehouse design for easy access. The adjustable straps ensure stability during climbs.
- **Quick-Dry Clothes**: Long-sleeved, UV-protective, and breathable fabric for ridge walking in summer.
- **Gloves**: Cotton gloves – light, flexible, and protective, ideal for climbing and balancing on rough terrain.
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