According to a study published this week by the British journal Nature, scientists confirmed that adult somatic cells can be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells in living mice. Prior to this, the academic community had been unclear whether the in vivo environment was suitable for reprogramming, and the latest research showed that this was feasible. This discovery will help improve the plasticity of stem cells and is expected to bring new applications to regenerative medicine.
Nuclear reprogramming is like a "rejuvenation" process at the cellular level. It is to induce adult somatic cells that have differentiated to return to the state of pluripotent stem cells in early development. Early scientists thought it was an irreversible process. It is impossible for mature, specialized cells to reprogram, which in turn reverse differentiated into stem cells, but Japanese medicine professor Yamanaka Yamanaka and British development biologist John Gordon reversed this In view of this, the two of them also won the 2012 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
Although the breakthrough in cell "reprogramming" is simple and easy to repeat in experiment, the effect is a milestone, but it is still unclear whether the in vivo environment is suitable for reprogramming.
In this study, the Spanish National Cancer Research Center Manuel Serrano and colleagues found that the traditional "induction formula" used to make pluripotent stem cells, namely, the use of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc four induction Factors can be used not only in Petri dishes, but also in live mice. They examined cells extracted from the kidney, stomach, small intestine, and pancreas, and found that all had signs of being programmed.
The study also found that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells for short) produced in live mice are closer to embryonic stem cells (ES cells for short) than iPS cells produced in culture dishes. In addition, iPS cells produced in live mice have greater differentiation potential than usual iPS cells or ES cells, suggesting that reprogramming in vivo will help improve stem cell plasticity.
This iPS cell will be able to differentiate into different mature cell types, and if its artificial culture process is strictly controlled, it can be used to develop new treatment models. At the same time, rising to the mammalian level, nuclear reprogramming is also an important feature in the development of normal fertilized embryos and cloned embryos, which can epigenetic characteristics, including chromatin remodeling, histone modification, DNA methylation, imprint The re-programming of gene expression, etc., and further understanding of this mechanism will also bring countless possibilities to the field of biomedicine.
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