Id (inhibitor of differentiation) protein was originally isolated from the mouse red blood cell line in 1990 and belongs to the bHLH (helix-loop-helix, helix-loop-helix) transcription factor family. It acts as an initial inducing factor during differentiation, and is expressed in a large number of neural stem cells (NSCs) in areas of the ventricle.
Researcher Zhao Xudong of the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences worked on the Dr. Antonio Iavarone laboratory of the Cancer Genetics Institute of Columbia University Medical Center to study the molecular mechanism of the Id protein in maintaining the characteristics of neural stem cells. The research team constructed Id1-Id3 knockout mice for this study and found that in the absence of Id protein expression, this transgenic mouse died within 24 hours after birth, and the proliferation of neural stem cells in the brain decreased significantly , And the number of stem cells has also decreased significantly. Through further research on neural stem cells in the brain of this transgenic mouse, it was found that knockout of the Id gene led to increased expression of Rap1GAP, and Rap1GAP protein inhibited Rap1 (an important cell adhesion regulator), causing neural stem cells to leave their microenvironment and Cell Differentiation. This finding shows that the Id-Rap1GAP-Rap1 signaling pathway plays a key role in the adherence of neural stem cells to the special microenvironment in which they are located and maintains the continuous self-renewal ability of neural stem cells.
Dr. Antonio Iavarone, one of the corresponding authors, said: "Maybe there are other signaling pathways that play a role in maintaining the characteristics of neural stem cells, but we believe that the Id-Rap1GAP-Rap1 signaling pathway is one of the key ones. In addition, there are also good reasons to believe this signal The pathway plays a similar role in other types of stem cells, and the laboratory is currently conducting research in this area. "
New York Presbyterian Hospital / Columbia University Medical Center Director Stephen G. Emerson, Ph.D., added: "Understanding this signaling pathway that allows stem cells to differentiate into mature cells may eventually lead people to develop more Effective and less toxic cancer therapy. This beautiful research has opened up a whole new way of thinking for the treatment of brain tumors. "
The research results were published in Nature Cell Biology.
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