Must correctly understand the metal recycling industry

Non-ferrous metals constitute an important basic material for modern material civilization. About 25 to 30% of the entire non-ferrous metal product comes from the recycling of waste. The survey conducted by the China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association Recycling Metals Branch from March to December 2001 showed that after more than 20 years of continuous development, the Pearl River Delta, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Bohai Rim and other coastal areas in China have used scrap metal from both domestic and overseas markets. On the basis of resources, a considerable amount of renewable metal utilization industry has formed, which constitutes the major base for non-ferrous metal recycling in China. Recycling of non-ferrous metals has become an indispensable part of China's non-ferrous metals industry.

China's recycling metal industry is composed of two parts: the use of foreign resources and the recovery of domestic resources. The “Tenth Five-Year Plan for Recycling and Utilization of Renewable Resources” formulated by the State Economic and Trade Commission has set the development direction for the development of the domestic renewable resources industry, but failed to give due attention to the use of foreign non-ferrous resources. Due to the incompatibility of domestic departments' policies, lack of coordination, and instability of policies, it has had a major impact on China’s recycling metal industry. In particular, foreign non-ferrous resources continue to be tight this year, and China’s renewable non-ferrous metal resources are in short supply, resulting in China’s recycling of metals. Industrial development is faltering and is undergoing a severe test. Therefore, this paper intends to discuss the way out of renewable non-ferrous metal industry from the aspects of the status quo of recycled metal industry, the important role played by society, existing problems, and the necessity of development.

1. The recycling of metal scrap has become a pillar industry of the local economy. The reclaimed metal industry in China uses coastal areas as a base to radiate to the interior, forming renewable aluminum such as Hebei Luding, Zhejiang Yongkang, Guangdong Nanhai, Henan Zhengzhou, Tianjin Jinghai, Zhejiang Ningbo and Wenzhou renewable copper, Anhui Taihe renewable lead and other professional markets. These professional markets with regional features have not only promoted the development of China's non-ferrous metal recycling business, but have also become a pillar industry in the regional economy. In the specialized markets for the use of recycled metals, more than 60% of the labor force in the local area is engaged in work related to the use of recycled metals, and a large number of foreign employees are gathered. More than 10,000 reclaimed metal-related enterprises nationwide, in areas where recycling of non-ferrous metal scraps is concentrated, revenue from the use of recycled metal has become the main source of local fiscal revenue. Take Taizhou, Zhejiang Province as an example. In 2001, Taizhou imported a total of 1 million tons of waste hardware and electrical appliances. After dismantling and processing, 500,000 tons of scrap steel, 200,000 tons of scrap silicon steel, 100,000 tons of scrap copper, and 50,000 tons of waste aluminum were obtained after dismantling and processing. 50,000 tons of stainless steel and 50,000 tons of waste plastics. According to the current scrap hardware price of 280 US dollars, for each type of 10,000 tons of imported seventh-type waste, the state and local authorities can obtain a management fee of 200,000 yuan; the inspection and inspection delivery fee is 100,000 yuan; the tax revenue is 4.35 million yuan, and the sum of the three items is 4.65 million. Yuan, calculated as Taizhou’s 2001 imports of 1 million tons; the above three revenues are about 465 million yuan, while the current national solid waste import volume has reached more than 1,000 million tons, and the contribution to local finances can be imagined. know. In addition, companies with scale in the local recycling metal specialty market, such as Hebei Lizhong Nonferrous Metals, Zhejiang Wantai Aluminum, Zhejiang Luxita Aluminum, and other companies with output value exceeding 100 million yuan, have become large output values, large taxpayers, and large foreign exchange earners in the local market. According to incomplete statistics, at present there are at least 1,000 enterprises engaged in the production and processing of non-ferrous metals in the production of about 3,000 non-ferrous metal industries.
With the rapid development of China’s foreign exchanges and international trade, the proportion of non-ferrous metal products processed and exported to China’s non-ferrous metal exports has increased. Since the establishment of Shanghai Xinge Metal Co., Ltd., Malaysia’s largest recycled aluminum processing company, Yiqiu Metal, has grown This year, the company will also invest and build factories in China. The designed production capacity will be 180,000 tons of recycled aluminum alloy ingots annually. The products will mainly be export-oriented, and China's renewable metal processing and utilization capabilities will be significantly improved, which will be a powerful force for the development of China’s recycling metal industry. The promotion.
Second, the healthy development of the recycled metal industry is a necessary condition for improving the competitiveness of China's machinery manufacturing industry. China is a developing country with a large population. The population, resources and environmental issues encountered in the process of industrialization are very serious. Especially in non-ferrous metal materials, China's several common metals such as copper concentrates, alumina and other mineral resources are in short supply. It takes a lot of foreign exchange to import each year, and the gap is huge. This is an indisputable fact. The recycling, dismantling and utilization of scrap metal is a shortcut to acquire a large number of high-value resources. Scrap metal resources have been brought together from the domestic and international markets to various professional markets along the coast, which has brought rich raw materials to the processing industries in these areas. For example, copper, aluminum alloys, and stainless steel silicon steel sheets produced from imported wastes from the Taizhou, Zhejiang market are continuously shipped to Yongkang, Jinhua, Yiwu, Dongyang, Shanghai, and even Jiangsu and Shandong, supporting the Yangtze River Delta nonferrous metal processing industry. Basic architecture. The dismantled scrap steel was sent by sea or by land to a large number of Shanghai Baoshan Iron and Steel Group and Hangzhou Steel, Shagang, and Jiangyin steel mills in urgent need of heavy and medium-sized scrap, which greatly eased the tension in the serious shortage of scrap supply in East China. . China's coastal areas can leaps into an important area of ​​non-ferrous metals production, processing, and consumption from a region with poor mineral resources. This in itself shows that the recycling and utilization of scrap metal is a practical need to alleviate the shortage of resources in China.
After China's accession to the WTO, improving the competitiveness of China's manufacturing and processing industries such as automobiles, machinery, electronics, and home appliances is an important issue that concerns the sustained development of China's national economy. Due to the increasingly fierce competition, the profit margin of manufacturing industry is shrinking drastically. Reducing costs, especially reducing the cost of basic materials, is an important factor in improving the competitiveness of China's products. In China, the cost and price of most basic materials have long been higher than in the international market. Since the beginning of this year, the prices of automobiles, motorcycles and home appliances have fallen by about 20%. However, the price of metals as basic materials has continued to rise, which has directly affected the competitiveness of China's manufacturing industry.
Taking the supply of aluminum ingots as an example, since the beginning of this year, the price of domestic aluminum ingots has consistently exceeded the international market price by more than 1,000 yuan. Therefore, the cost of materials for the domestic aluminum processing industry is clearly unmatched by foreign counterparts. This is especially true of recycled aluminum products. For a long time, domestic prices have been higher than export prices, which has a great impact on the automotive industry, which has become one of China's pillar industries. The automotive industry is one of the fastest growing areas for the use of recycled aluminum in China. Aluminum die castings such as engines and transmissions all use recycled aluminum, and recycled aluminum is used in the manufacture of automotive parts because of its good fluidity and easy mold release. Factors also have superior properties that primary aluminum cannot replace. China's strict control over the import of metal scraps, coupled with the interaction of other factors, China's waste aluminum resources since the beginning of this year is scarce, the price of recycled aluminum products continues to rise, has been higher than the Japanese market nearly 700 yuan. Therefore, the die-casting enterprises of auto and motorcycle parts complained that they were on the verge of death and death just like the aluminum smelting enterprises. At present, the shortage of goods is still no signs of improvement. Copper and other scrap metals are also very common. Due to the high price of copper in China, copper, copper, and other copper products used by the state power sector and even some key projects also use recycled copper. However, some copper processing plants have adopted lower prices to reduce material costs and increase price competitiveness. The material quality approach has jeopardized the healthy operation of our national economy.
3. The import and recycling of recycled metal scrap are beneficial to the improvement of China's ecological environment. For a long time, due to the appearance characteristics of environmental pollution caused by scrap metal and its dismantling, processing and utilization, as well as the non-standard development of the industry, some environmental destruction The incidents have occurred frequently and have become the targets tracked by the news media. As a result, in the development planning of the industry and propaganda public opinion, the development of the industry, especially non-ferrous metal scrap, is lacking in direct guidance and objective and fair evaluation. This is extremely detrimental to the overall development of the recycled metal industry. Objectively speaking, the import of waste metal solid waste materials has contributed to China's economic development. This should be vigorously promoted and actively guided to promote its healthy development.
The industrialization of waste miscellaneous metal recycling has played a positive role in promoting environmental protection and ecological balance. From the point of view of environmental protection, imported scrap metal has less environmental pollution than imported copper concentrates, alumina, and other ore resources. Therefore, the import of scrap metal has obvious environmental protection effects and should not be considered as an environment for a long time. The root cause of pollution. Compared with traditional non-ferrous metal production based on ore, waste miscellaneous non-ferrous metals undergo sorting, pretreatment, smelting, and refining to form non-ferrous metals, eliminating the need for complex mining processes and effectively saving natural resources. A large amount of infrastructure investment has led to a significant reduction in energy consumption and production costs, and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions has been greatly reduced. Even in developed countries, the production of recycled non-ferrous metals has received special attention. Taking the production of metallic aluminum as an example, according to relevant statistics, the energy consumption per 21 tons of primary aluminum ingot production is 213.2TJ (electric energy accounts for about 82%), and the energy consumption for producing 1 ton of recycled aluminum alloy ingot is 5.5TJ. (The fuel accounts for about 80%), which is only 2.6% of the energy consumption of the original aluminum ingot production, and has a clear comparative advantage. According to the comparison between the production of aluminum from 17.5% bauxite in the recent French R.U. Ayres and the production of recycled aluminum from waste aluminum, the energy savings are 256 gigajoules per ton of aluminum. Saving 10.5 tons of water, 11 tons of less solid materials, 0.8 tons of less CO2 emissions, 0.06 tons of less SOx emissions, 1.9 tons of less waste liquid waste, and 0.6 tons of surface earth Tons, 6.1 tons of excavation gangue.
Fourth, foreign scrap metal resources have become an important basis to support China's renewable non-ferrous metal industry. On the source of scrap metal, before the 1990s, the use of recycled metal in China was mainly based on the recycling of scrap and waste from state-owned enterprises. The scale of recycled metal industry has been Very small. Due to the continuous expansion of the demand for non-ferrous metals due to economic development, the domestic waste metal resources are very limited. After the 1990s, China began to seek supply from abroad. The disintegration of the Soviet Union brought rich metal scrap to our country. At the same time, with the continuous expansion of China’s foreign trade, the metal scraps of developed countries such as the United States, Japan, and Western Europe have been continuously transported to the country, and the amount of scrap metal imports has increased year by year, and it has been used throughout the waste materials. Occupy the dominant position. Taking the Yangtze River Delta as an example, in 2000, the dismantling of imported scrap metal had reached more than 300,000 tons and the value of goods was more than 150 million yuan. Among the imported wastes, the main varieties are motors, transformers, automobile motors, wires, cables, chemical equipment, hardware and electrical appliances, silicon steel sheets, scrap copper, aluminum scrap, scrap steel, stainless steel scrap and old products.
According to customs statistics, in 2001, China imported 3,336,600 tons of miscellaneous copper, and if the copper content was 25%, the amount of copper scrap imported also reached 830,000 tons, equivalent to 5.6 of the domestic copper recycling amount. Times (the domestic recovery is about 150,000 tons). Domestic recycling quantity of waste miscellaneous aluminum China has no clear statistics, but China's reclaimed aluminum industry does use foreign waste aluminum as the main raw material. China's largest reclaimed aluminum enterprise, Shanghai Xinge Nonferrous Metals Co., Ltd., has an annual output of over 100,000 tons of recycled aluminum ingots. Its source of raw materials is 40% from the United States, 40% from western European countries, and only 20% from the Asia-Pacific region (including mainland China). In Baoding, Hebei, Yongkang, Zhejiang, and other famous aluminum smelting areas, its raw materials are basically dependent on imported foreign scrap metal. Therefore, the supply of foreign non-ferrous metals abroad is closely related to the development of China's recycling metal industry. We must face this objective fact. While striving to develop domestic resource recovery, we must pay attention to the use of foreign scrap metal resources and formulate a renewable Industrial development policy.
V. The use of foreign metal scrap is beneficial to the formation of industrialization of metal recycling in China The use of recycled metal products in China is far from the international level in terms of technical equipment. The sound processing capacity of waste materials and hazardous waste is rather weak. This is also a renewable metal enterprise in China. The main cause of environmental pollution is the same as other environmental pollution. This phenomenon is caused by the scale and modernization of China's renewable non-ferrous enterprises, and weak industry management, and cannot be simply attributed to the recycled metal industry itself.
Without sufficient waste metal resources, there will be no large-scale recycling metal industry. According to a survey conducted by the China Material Recycling Association, in China's state-owned materials recycling system, the recycling companies are small in scale, dispersive in operation, and low in mechanization. Take scrap steel as an example, in 2000