In the past 5 years, the scientific and technical personnel of China National Land Resources Aeronautical Geophysical Prospecting Remote Sensing Center and cooperating units have developed 9 sets of instruments and equipment and 4 prototypes including fully digital aviation gamma spectrometer; Achieved localization; initially established China's aeronautical geophysical instrument dynamic test site, and established three special test sites, greatly narrowing the gap between China and developed countries in the field of aeronautical geophysical prospecting, so that China's aviation gravity technology, aviation radioactive instruments Yes, it has made a qualitative leap in aviation magnetic survey technology and aviation electromagnetic technology, and has significantly promoted the leap-forward development of China's aviation geophysical technology equipment.
In the past 5 years, the scientific and technical personnel of Hangyao Center and the cooperative units have broken through 20 key technologies such as time-domain electromagnetic high-power transmission, and have applied for a total of 51 various patents, 22 of which have been authorized; 10 applications for copyright, 9 of which Items have been registered; 193 academic papers were published, 67 of which were included by SCI and EI; 4 monographs were published; 5 internal standards were formed. The breakthrough of key technologies not only ensured the successful completion of the project tasks, but also marked the rise of China's independent research and development capabilities in the field of aviation geophysical prospecting to a new level.
The purpose of R & D of "Aerogeophysical Prospecting Technology System" is not only to achieve scientific research goals, but also to play an important role in geological survey and mineral exploration, and to solve practical problems in geological survey and mineral exploration under complex conditions. Through application demonstration, many achievements of the project research and development have actual investigation capabilities.
1. Achieve ten major achievements and realize the leap-forward development of aviation geophysical prospecting technology
High-precision digital aeromagnetic survey system. It consists of a fully digital aviation helium optical pump magnetometer, a single-channel real-time magnetic compensator, and a massive data recording system. At the same time, supporting ground digital helium optical pump magnetometer, digital ground magnetic daily change station system and aeromagnetic measurement data processing interpretation method and software were developed. It has complete independent intellectual property rights.
Digital aeromagnetic compensator and aerial data recording system. The system realizes the conversion of the magnetic detector from analog to digital signal, which fundamentally improves the sensitivity and reliability of the instrument. Through testing and application demonstration production of 51,000 line-meter kilometers, the system has fully reached the design indicators, reached the international advanced level overall, and some of the indicators have reached the international advanced level.
Digital aeromagnetic full-axis gradient survey system. The four-channel fully digital aviation helium optical pump magnetometer, multi-channel real-time magnetic compensator, and massive data recording system are the main components. After the aircraft is modified, it is integrated into an organic whole-digital aeromagnetic full-axis gradient survey system. At the same time, the supporting aeromagnetic and gradient multi-parameter measurement data processing and interpretation methods and software were developed. The system has completely independent intellectual property rights, fills the domestic gap, and realizes the transformation of aeromagnetic survey from single total field measurement to multi-parameter measurement with total field plus gradient, which improves the measurement resolution and enriches the magnetic field information. Through testing and application demonstration production of 25,000 line-meters, the system has fully reached the design index, reached the international advanced level overall, and some of the indexes have reached the international leading level.
Pod-type time domain helicopter aviation electromagnetic survey system. It consists of a high-power electromagnetic transmitting system (the diameter of the transmitting coil is 12 meters) and a low-noise electromagnetic receiving system. At the same time, a supporting software system for time-domain helicopter electromagnetic electromagnetic data processing and interpretation was developed. The system has independent intellectual property rights, filling the domestic gap. The system realizes the transformation of aeronautical electromagnetic measurement from frequency domain to time domain, and the detection depth is increased from 150 meters to 400 meters. Through the test and the trial production of 4860 line-measuring kilometers, all indicators of the system have reached the design requirements, and some indicators have reached the international advanced level.
Prototype of time-domain fixed-wing aviation electromagnetic survey system. It is composed of a high-power electromagnetic transmitting coil wrapped around the domestic Y12IV aircraft support and a receiving pod with high sensitivity and stable aerodynamic performance. It has completely independent intellectual property rights and fills the domestic gap. The system realizes the transformation of aviation electromagnetic measurement from frequency domain to time domain, and has the characteristics of large detection depth and high operation efficiency. Through testing, its static technical indicators meet or exceed the design indicators.
Digital aviation gamma spectrum survey system. It is composed of the main control system of the aviation gamma spectrometer and the aviation gamma spectrometer detector. At the same time, we have developed supporting software for aviation gamma spectroscopy survey methods. It has independent intellectual property rights, fills the domestic gap, and realizes the self-developed aerial radioactivity measurement system from scratch. Through testing and trial production of 20,000 line-meters, all technical indicators of the system have reached or surpassed the design indicators and reached the international advanced level overall.
Aeronautical geophysical remote sensing comprehensive survey system. Including wide field of view digital aerial camera, multi-aeronautical remote sensing sensor integrated system, aeronautical geophysical exploration (gravity / magnetic) integrated survey system, aerial geophysical exploration (gravity / magnetic) and remote sensing integrated survey system, all domestic aerial geophysical exploration (magnetic / electric / Release) Comprehensive survey system. At the same time, remote sensing image data processing software based on aeronautical geophysical flight mode was developed to fill the domestic gap. The comprehensive survey system can obtain various parameters such as gravity, magnetic force, remote sensing orthophotographs and digital terrain model maps in one measurement, and has a wider range of uses. Through testing and application demonstration, the technical indicators of the aviation heavy / magnetic integrated survey system and the aviation heavy / magnetic / remote integrated survey system all met or exceeded the design index.
A new generation of aeronautical geophysical comprehensive processing and interpretation system software. Including plug-in GeoProbe geophysical development platform and software modules for aviation magnetic force, gravity, gamma spectroscopy, electromagnetic data processing and mapping, data conversion processing, mineralization prediction, etc. These modules are integrated in the GeoProbe platform, filling the domestic gap. This achievement realizes the systematization, visualization and intelligence of domestic geophysical software, which is of great significance for improving the data processing capability and interpretation level of aviation geophysics.
Aeronautical geophysical instrument detection field and dynamic test field. Including the Dajingpo aeronautical geophysical prospecting dynamic test field, Miyun aviation electromagnetic system testing field, Shouguang aviation gravity system testing field and Luannan aviation magnetic testing system testing field, it is the standardization and engineering of China's aviation geophysical instrument research and development. Provides conditions for testing and evaluation.
Practical application system for aviation hyperspectral remote sensing resource exploration. The aviation hyperspectral mineral identification system, the aviation hyperspectral data management system, the ACORN atmospheric correction software and the TSG mineral expert identification system have constructed characteristic pedigrees based on differences in mineral composition and their quantitative relationships. The number of identified mineral types has reached 31, which is high The application of spectrum in geological survey and mineral exploration laid a foundation.
Technical requirements and guidelines. "Technical Guide for Aviation Hyperspectral Geological Prospecting (Recommended Draft)", "Technical Requirements for Hardware Research and Development of Aeronautical Geophysical Prospecting Technical System", "Technical Requirements for Software Development for Aeronautical Geophysical Prospecting Technical System", "Technical Guide for Plug-in for Aeronautical Geophysical Prospecting Data Processing and Interpretation System "," Technical Requirements for the Testing of Aviation Gamma Spectrum Survey System ", etc., provide technical standards for the development, promotion and application of aviation geophysical survey technology.
2. Breaking through a number of key technologies has greatly improved independent research and development capabilities
High dynamic magnetic field digital tracking technology. The digital aviation helium optical pump magnetometer realizes the digitization of phase-sensitive detection, frequency modulation and voltage-controlled oscillator in the tracking optical pump magnetometer, breaking through the overshoot, bandwidth time product and DC of the instrument under different frequency bandwidths The problem of mutual influence of gains, when the signal changes drastically, ensures that the signal is not distorted, which greatly improves the reliability of the instrument.
Multi-channel synchronous high-precision frequency measurement technology. Designed and developed a drum-type multi-cycle synchronous frequency measurement circuit with phase detection function for multiple shared reference, which effectively reduces the quantization error; while ensuring the high resolution of the instrument, it achieves strict synchronization and high sampling between each magnetic field Rate to ensure the high accuracy of the gradient measurement data.
Aeromagnetic gradient real-time digital compensation technology. For the first time in China, real-time digital compensation processing of aeromagnetic gradient data is realized. The mathematical model of the aircraft gradient interference field is established, and the compensation method of the aircraft gradient interference field is proposed to achieve effective aeromagnetic gradient measurement compensation. At the same time, the magnetic gradient meter effectively eliminates the frequency traction phenomenon between the various magnetic fields, greatly reducing Interference during the flight of the aircraft.
Integrated technology of aeromagnetic full-axis gradient system modification. Scientifically design the structure, shape and geometric position of the probe cabin and the probe rod, select high-strength non-magnetic light materials, reasonable wiring, and ensure that the magnetic interference of the detector is minimized. The test flight showed that the system worked stably, the data was reliable, the noise level was low, the measurement accuracy was high, and the safety performance was good, which fully met or exceeded the design target.
Large magnetic moment emission technology for time domain aviation electromagnetic exploration system. Developed combined wave emission technology to solve the problem of rising edge, falling edge and waveform controllability. Developed patented technologies such as super capacitor intermittent charge and discharge, combined wave emission, etc., overcome the technical problems of large magnetic moment emission, and achieve precise control of large magnetic moment emission current.
Air-core coil sensor technology with magnetic flux feedback. Innovatively proposed the use of a magnetic flux feedback structure on the air-core coil sensor to avoid the use of matching resistors, thereby improving the sensor output signal-to-noise ratio and reaching the advanced level of similar foreign products under static conditions.
Special aircraft modification technology for fixed-wing time domain aviation electromagnetic survey system. Through more than 400 hours of model wind tunnel tests, aerodynamic problems such as aircraft stability, increased drag, resonance of the transmitting coil, and throwing away of the receiving pod were solved. Developed an electric winch retractable system for receiving pods that can be automatically cut off in an emergency, a drop-shaped receiving pod, special launch cables and receiving cables that meet the requirements of aviation conditions, which solves the difficulty of developing special materials for aircraft modification, thus mastering the fixed Wing time domain aviation electromagnetic survey system aircraft modification technology.
High-sensitivity pod three-component receiving technology for fixed-wing time domain aeronautical electromagnetic survey system. It overcomes technical problems such as electrical shielding, optimal damping matching, and vibration isolation of the receiving sensor under aerospace conditions, effectively reducing the impact of vibration and noise on the measurement performance of the system during the flight of the receiving coil. Successfully developed a lightweight geometrically symmetrical three-component quadrature induction coil receiver sensor to make the three-component physical and electrical parameters basically the same.
The key technology of time domain aviation electromagnetic data processing. The first is a reasonable superimposed extraction technique, which uses a variable time superposition method and an approximate equal logarithmic interval extraction method, which has achieved good results. The second is fast and practical data quality monitoring technology, which adopts large data volume rapid calling and graphic display technology to realize the rapid quality evaluation function and improve the quality monitoring work efficiency. The third is an effective filter processing technology, which uses limited impulse response filtering, predictive filtering, SR filtering, median filtering, etc. to effectively suppress or eliminate electromagnetic noise.
Design technology of digital aviation gamma spectrometer. Adopt contemporary advanced microelectronic devices, digital signal processing technology, embedded systems and industrial computers, combine the analog acquisition of nuclear radiation signals with digital processing, electronic circuit hardware design and calculation method software to achieve aviation gamma Fully digital collection and processing of energy spectrum. The digital algorithm is used to realize the filtering, shaping amplification, pulse anti-stacking, baseline recovery and pulse amplitude extraction of the discrete nuclear pulse data, which greatly reduces the influence of temperature and improves the pulse counting pass rate, energy resolution and system stability.
Aeronautical gamma energy spectrum PID digital spectrum stabilization technology. This technology breaks through the traditional way, applying the PID automatic control theory to the precise control of the spectral line drift of nuclear instruments, automatically eliminating the cumulative error effect of the linear relationship between the spectral drift and the actual voltage adjustment, and is excellent for nonlinear systems. The ability to adjust. Applying Kalman filtering technology to the real-time instrument differential spectrum processing of aviation gamma energy spectrum acquisition improves the recognition of weak information, reduces noise signals, and ensures the real-time operation of the instrument.
Practical aerial hyperspectral remote sensing mineral identification and mapping technology. The fine pedigree of muscovite and chlorite was constructed, and four quantitative relationships were obtained. The quantitative relationship between the OH hydroxyl wavelength and the mineral composition was proposed for the first time. Independently developed the hyperspectral mineral identification system, and realized the process-based processing of hyperspectral remote sensing data for the first time in China.
New technology of aerial remote sensing measurement based on aeronautical geophysical flight mode. In response to the requirements of aeronautical geophysical flight mode, the country's first wide-angle-angle color area array aerial digital camera was developed to solve the problem of high-speed storage of large-capacity data in the aeronautical environment. Developed a multi-aeronautical remote sensing sensor integrated system based on aeronautical geophysical flight mode, which solves the technical difficulties of airborne lidar data system error checking, strip stitching, and direct acquisition of digital elevation models based on POS technology It realizes the comprehensive processing of multi-aerial remote sensing data in the aviation geophysical flight mode.
Comprehensive integration technology of aerial geophysical (magnetic / heavy) and remote sensing integrated survey system. Using large-scale programmable ASIC integrated circuit technology to achieve the miniaturization of digital aviation helium optical pump magnetometer and aeromagnetic measurement system. The GPS second pulse (1PPS) signal is used to realize the synchronous collection of multi-source data. The use of two-wire power supply, multiple filtering, isolation technology, etc., reduces the electromagnetic interference between the airborne equipment and the geophysical equipment and measurement system.
Advanced GeoProbe geophysics software platform research and development technology. Using software plug-in technology and hierarchical architecture technology, the "geological probe" version 2.0 geophysical software development platform developed can be used as both a secondary development platform and a software integration platform. Its "plug-and-play" extended software function solves the technical problems that are common in domestic geophysical software research and development, such as the difficulty of software system expansion, inconvenient maintenance, and insufficient function customization.
3. A number of application demonstration results have practical investigation capabilities
Application of digital aeromagnetic / aeromagnetic all-axis gradient system. Demonstration applications have been conducted in Inner Mongolia, Hebei and other places. The obtained data has rich magnetic field information, high resolution, and clear geological details. The aeromagnetic gradient has obvious advantages in selecting anomalies, highlighting local anomalies, and determining tectonic trends. The geological interpretation of the measured aeromagnetic gradient data obtained in the demonstration area has delineated a batch of anomalies that have significance in prospecting, and some anomalies have been verified by the ground. At the same time, the measurement method and data processing flow of the aeromagnetic all-axis gradient survey system were established, which laid a solid foundation for the large-scale application of the aeromagnetic all-axis gradient. The results of the project have formed actual productivity, which can be further promoted and applied.
Application of aviation gamma spectrum survey system. In the area of ​​Xiwuzhumuqin Banner-Balinzuoqi, Inner Mongolia, the pilot production of the aviation gamma spectroscopy survey system was carried out. Combining the geology and remote sensing data in the area, the interpretation of the aviation gamma spectroscopy data was completed, and the measurement area was obtained The lithology distribution and geological structure characteristics have achieved good geological application results.
Hyperspectral application system. 1030 square kilometers of application demonstrations were completed in Keping, Xinjiang and Liuyuan, Gansu. According to the remote sensing prospecting model and the alteration intensity distribution map of the work area, eight favorable hyper-spectral metallogenic areas were delineated, two of which have started small-scale development.
Application of aeronautical geophysical and remote sensing integrated survey system. The three integrated survey systems, integrated aeromagnetic / heavy / remote, aeromagnetic / magnetic and aeromagnetic / electrical / amplifier, completed a test flight of 24,045 kilometers. The results show that the airborne remote sensing sensor integrated system of geophysical flight mode has been successfully applied to the field of aeronautical geophysical research, providing it with basic geographic data and obtaining good results, which can be widely used in basic geological survey, mineral exploration, oil and gas resources Investigation, groundwater exploration, environmental monitoring, national defense construction and many other fields.
Application of time-domain aviation electromagnetic system for pod helicopters. Trial production of nearly 5,000 kilometers has been carried out in Henan, China. Through the investigation of the demonstration area, the anomalies found have a good correspondence with the existing data on the ground, and the formation of band-shaped anomalies in low-lying sediments (water formation and low resistance) and fault zones is clear and has obvious effects. The development of integrated pod-type helicopter time-domain aviation electromagnetic system has the characteristics of maneuverability and flexibility, and is suitable for operation under complex terrain conditions. The application prospect is extremely broad, and it can play an important role in mineral exploration, groundwater exploration and marine exploration.
The application of a new generation of aeronautical geophysical comprehensive processing and interpretation system. The "Geological Probe" version 2.0 geophysical software development platform developed by the company has been deployed in 11 companies including Zhejiang University, Jilin University, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Central South University, Chengdu University of Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Southeast University, Hangyao Center, etc. There are 92 users in the unit's geophysical software development. The new generation of aeronautical geophysical comprehensive processing and interpretation system developed and integrated based on the "Geology Probe" version 2.0 geophysical software development platform has been applied in the aviation and remote center, and is used in 40 geological exploration units in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in the country. There are more than 100 users. The popularization and application of this software system will comprehensively improve the research and development level and data processing and interpretation capabilities of China's earth geophysical exploration software.
Conclusion
The “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†National 863 Program ’s major projects in the field of “Aviation Geophysical Prospecting Technology System†have received great attention from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the China Geological Survey, and received many older generation geophysicists. Highly concerned and strongly supported.
The project brings together Professor Wang Ping, Deputy Director and Chief Engineer Xiong Shengqing, senior engineer of the Hangyao Center (the project's overall expert group leader), and academic leaders such as Zhou Jianxin, Chen Bin, and Zhou Xihua, professor-level senior engineers. Professor Hu Ping, senior director of the Institute of Geophysical and Geophysical Exploration, Professor Ge Liangquan, Professor of Chengdu University of Technology, Professor Lin Jun of Jilin University and other experts have significantly improved the resolution, stability and depth of exploration of China's aerial geophysical prospecting system It has formed a powerful system research and development capability, which has made China's aviation magnetic method, aviation gravity, aviation gamma spectroscopy and other measurement technologies generally reach the international advanced level, and has initially achieved the localization of the main technical equipment for aviation geophysical prospecting.
However, it should be clearly seen that there is still a certain gap between the world's leading level and a certain distance from the requirements of the country and society. Take a hundred feet and go further. The Hangyao Center and its cooperating units are determined to adopt one or two five-year plans to make China's aviation geophysical exploration technology reach the world's leading level and make greater contributions to the development of the country and society.
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