[Abstract] This paper analyzes the basic characteristics of current telecom equipment packaging for telecom equipment delivery methods and their characteristics, and presents in detail a package design improvement method suitable for various aspects of telecom equipment shipment and transportation.
Keywords: delivery methods; telecommunication equipment; packaging design; improvements 1 Delivery methods and characteristics of telecommunication equipment 1.1 All equipment is shipped directly from the manufacturer to the end user. The telecommunication equipment market has something different from ordinary equipment in terms of equipment modelling and ordering. The characteristics of commodities, such as the telecommunications operator's provincial bureau or head office, shall adopt the ordering meeting or bidding method to determine the short-listed telecom equipment manufacturers, and the municipal offices (branches) and branch companies shall determine the suppliers from the finalists. The purchase and delivery of telecommunications equipment are directly linked by telecom operators and equipment manufacturers, basically eliminating the possibility of any intermediate layer. Therefore, the shipment of telecommunication equipment does not have the wholesale, transit, and distribution links for ordinary goods, and there are obvious direct features.
1.2 Automobile transportation is one of the main delivery methods According to statistics, 80% of the telecommunication equipment shipments are transported by automobile. Therefore, automobile transportation is the most important and commonly used delivery method for telecommunication equipment. The automobile transportation has the following advantages: the goods are directly delivered by the manufacturer (land) and delivered to the user's hands, and there is basically no intermediate rotation and loading and unloading process, which embodies a one-stop service that is point-to-point, controlled in a whole process, and has simple procedures. At present, the status of the underdeveloped logistics industry in small and medium-sized cities in China. Qiyun also has some shortcomings, such as: long-distance transport time, road quality directly affect the quality of transport, affected by climate and other large.
1.3 Railways, aviation-assisted shipments Railways and air transport each account for about 10% of the total shipments of telecommunications equipment, and they are an auxiliary means of transport for telecommunication equipment. Among them, railway transportation is mainly applied to the launch of replacement parts such as engineering spare parts and express delivery of small contracts. The main advantages are: fixed transport lines and time, delivery plans are guaranteed, sporadic and bulk cargo shipments are appropriate, the disadvantage is that there are generally rough handling of certain procedures, the railway network coverage is limited, the antenna is less than extensive, deep and so on.
Air transport is mainly applied to the delivery of emergency contracts. Its advantages are: rapid and rapid shipping; disadvantages are limited volume and high cost of goods.
2 Basic characteristics of telecommunication equipment packaging China's telecommunications network has traditionally adopted a first-level network structure, which consists of a five-level switching center C5 and an end office in the local wind. Telecommunications equipment is in accordance with the basic characteristics of the telecommunications network, sub-stations included and shipped, so telecommunications equipment has the following packaging features.
2.1 The configuration of each contract is different. The packaging and delivery should be strictly divided according to the end office in the telecommunication network. Due to the difference in the networking mode and the inconsistency of the functions of each end office (terminal), capacity, and the actual situation of the project, the contract is caused. The contents of the equipment configured between different end offices between the contract and the contract are different. Therefore, telecommunication equipment does not have continuity or inheritance when it is packaged. It is easy to produce packaging quality accidents such as missed hair and missed hair without careful attention.
2.2 The containerized packaging according to the site clearly distinguishes the goods between the sites during the delivery process and avoids the mixing of goods at different sites. At present, some companies in the telecommunication equipment manufacturing industry form a uniform package of the same site's contracted goods in one package. The containerized packaging method. Due to the uneven quantity and volume of articles at each site, the container loading rate of the site container is not high. At the same time, for the large sites of some contracts, the volume of containers formed is large, and it is inconvenient for the telecom customers of the C4 and C5 offices with poor conditions below the county.
2.3 Various types of materials in the contract, high value and vulnerability Due to the complexity and uniqueness of the networking of telecommunication equipment, the contract for telecommunication equipment contains a large number of functional modules, software, cables, components (structures), connectors, and accessories. Parts, accessories and other types of materials. For example, a common terminal of a conference television system contains nearly 40 materials. Many of the contract materials have high-value and fragile features, such as some PCB boards in the SDH system. In particular, the value of an optical circuit board (OL) and a cross-connected board (CS) in the SDH may vary from tens of thousands to several tens of thousands of yuan. If these boards are not well protected against static electricity, vibration, and shock, they are easily damaged.
3 Combine the characteristics of telecom equipment delivery, improve the packaging design As telecom equipment is not directly facing consumer end-consumer products, the packaging of telecom equipment is a typical industrial packaging. Unlike consumer packaging that emphasizes the market, industrial packaging is a packaging that emphasizes logistics.
3.1 Based on teleportation, standardized packaging design Telecommunication equipment is widely used in wooden boxes to consolidate bulk materials (MCS), providing a basic management unit for logistics systems and improving the efficiency of operation and management. However, if the package design emphasizes one-sided packaging and does not adequately affect the weight and volume of the MCS, such as loading and unloading, then all logistics systems will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out standardized design based on the integration of telecommunications equipment.
Standardized containers are easy to identify and select during storage, and improve the stacking efficiency, reduce the degree of congestion in the warehouse, and apply consistent transport movements, improve the efficiency of continuous movement, and effectively improve the utilization rate of the car-loading cellar. In short, the standardized packaging box can contribute to the overall efficiency of the entire logistics system. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the volume and weight of telecommunications equipment packaging on the basis of MCS. According to the relevant specifications, when the weight of the package exceeds 90kg, it must be relied on forklifts and other tools for loading and unloading. Considering the relatively backward means of loading and unloading by the C4 and C5 offices, 90kg should be used as the limit standard for the weight of truck-mounted telecom equipment. In terms of the volume of the packing box, the external dimensions of the containerized wooden box should fully consider the volume of the car's compartment, and the packing box can make full use of the vehicle loading volume after a reasonable stacking.
3.2 Improve the structure and form of packaging wooden boxes At present, telecommunication equipments generally adopt the plywood box at the position, and there are certain defects such as excessive packaging and high packaging costs for different programs. Therefore it is necessary to run the following improvements to the structure and form of the packaging wooden box:
(1) Carton cartonization: The cost of wooden carton packaging is usually more than 10 times that of carton, much higher than the cost of carton. And the weight of wooden boxes is much higher than that of cartons, virtually increasing the transportation costs. Thanks to the one-stop car transportation of telecommunication equipment, frequent transit and loading and unloading of goods on the way are avoided, and the chance of damage to cargo caused by rough handling is greatly reduced. After making necessary improvements to the packaging structure, the use of carton packaging can significantly reduce packaging and is easier to handle than wooden boxes. Therefore, it should be considered to change wooden packaging as much as possible into carton packaging. The shape rectifiers of the commercial communication network power supply are detached from the power rack and packed in wooden boxes, and it is entirely possible to consider using a carton pack after improving the buffer structure.
Some of the emergency telecommunications equipment contracts, overseas contracts, and improvements to the user's maintenance board, spare parts are often carried out by air. In air transportation, the weight is used as the unit of calculation for the shipping price. The use of wooden box packaging will greatly increase the cost of air transport. At the same time, due to the restrictions on the size of the aircraft cargo compartment entrance, the wooden box packaging items are relatively large, which in some cases virtually limit the possibility of air cargo. Therefore, it is more necessary to use carton packs instead of wooden packs for air transport.
(2) Improvement of wooden box structure: In the design of packaging wooden box, the original over-unified structural form should be changed, and some specialized packing box structure forms should be introduced according to the specific packaging. For communication power cabinets, due to the internal assembly of a number of conductive copper bars, air-openings, and large current wires, the weight of its own rack is generally heavier than that of ordinary telecommunication equipment cabinets. At the same time, the communication power cabinet structure has better rigidity and strength, and the use of wooden box packaging may not be very suitable at this time. Therefore, it is completely possible to use the composite box packaging of the wooden base and the upper lid of the carton: this not only satisfies the necessary external packaging strength requirements, but also significantly reduces the shipping weight and cost. Another example is the use of a grate wooden box for some of the simplest structural parts that are not required for the start of the project.
3.3 The packaging design should focus on reducing the cost of packaging The protection of goods is the main function of the packaging. The packaging design determines the degree of protection of the goods and packaging costs. Since telecom equipment is mainly based on one-stop automotive transportation, the buffer packaging design in automobile transportation should be designed for vibration prevention and impact prevention as the main design purposes, and anti-dropping, anti-rain and other unfavorable factors in loading, unloading and storage should be taken as Secondary factors in packaging design. In the specific design, the buffer package can be considered to be partially buffered by the key support points (such as: the angular cushion of the cabinet structure) to avoid the full buffer design. Especially for its own structure, it has good strength telecommunication cabinet packaging.
In terms of waterproofing, aluminum-coated film bags are commonly used for sealed packaging in moisture-proof packaging for telecommunication equipment. Because the moisture permeability of the aluminum-plated film is 1.5g/m2·d, which is much lower than the requirement of 10g/m2·d for the moisture permeability of the telecommunications equipment package, a small amount of water seeps through the inner wall of the box during the spray test. Leakage phenomenon, moisture-proof packaging can also play a good waterproof role of the outer package, so there is no need to do too much waterproofing the packaging box, liner and the use of sealing materials.
3.4 Packaging of high-value items (1) Choose an economical packaging scheme: The higher the value of the goods, the higher the cost of packaging and the higher the value of telecommunication equipment. However, not all high-value items are vulnerable items. High-quality items do not necessarily have to use high-cost packaging solutions, as long as a suitable and reliable packaging solution is chosen to provide good protection. For example, in an access network device, the structural design of the buffer material is conservative, and the buffer material accounts for 25% of the cost of the packaging material of a single device, while the cushion material in the general cabinet packaging only accounts for 10% of the cost of the packaging material of a single device. Therefore, we should correct the tendency of packaging of telecommunication equipment in the case of valuables that are packed with wooden boxes and use over-buffering structures, and carry out economical and reasonable buffering and protection.
(2) Concealing packaging identification information of high-value items; information transmission is a major aspect of packaging design, and the most obvious function of information transmission is to identify the packaged items. However, in order to reduce the possibility of theft, some of the high-value items in telecommunication equipment are the only package identification information that should be hidden. Hidden on the one hand can take a simple approach to eliminate product identification, on the other hand, it can also combine the characteristics of end-office collection and packaging of telecommunication equipment, and package some high-value items and other items in the same end office in a single standard. Collection box.
The above combined with the characteristics of telecommunication equipment shipments put forward the improvement of packaging design principles and specific improvements, in the packaging design can not be isolated and blindly emphasize a certain aspects, only the product packaging and the market and the user combined considerations in order to play its due effect . (Liu Zhaohui) (Shenzhen Zhongxing Communication Obligation Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057) (Packaging Engineering, Issue 5, 2001)
Keywords: delivery methods; telecommunication equipment; packaging design; improvements 1 Delivery methods and characteristics of telecommunication equipment 1.1 All equipment is shipped directly from the manufacturer to the end user. The telecommunication equipment market has something different from ordinary equipment in terms of equipment modelling and ordering. The characteristics of commodities, such as the telecommunications operator's provincial bureau or head office, shall adopt the ordering meeting or bidding method to determine the short-listed telecom equipment manufacturers, and the municipal offices (branches) and branch companies shall determine the suppliers from the finalists. The purchase and delivery of telecommunications equipment are directly linked by telecom operators and equipment manufacturers, basically eliminating the possibility of any intermediate layer. Therefore, the shipment of telecommunication equipment does not have the wholesale, transit, and distribution links for ordinary goods, and there are obvious direct features.
1.2 Automobile transportation is one of the main delivery methods According to statistics, 80% of the telecommunication equipment shipments are transported by automobile. Therefore, automobile transportation is the most important and commonly used delivery method for telecommunication equipment. The automobile transportation has the following advantages: the goods are directly delivered by the manufacturer (land) and delivered to the user's hands, and there is basically no intermediate rotation and loading and unloading process, which embodies a one-stop service that is point-to-point, controlled in a whole process, and has simple procedures. At present, the status of the underdeveloped logistics industry in small and medium-sized cities in China. Qiyun also has some shortcomings, such as: long-distance transport time, road quality directly affect the quality of transport, affected by climate and other large.
1.3 Railways, aviation-assisted shipments Railways and air transport each account for about 10% of the total shipments of telecommunications equipment, and they are an auxiliary means of transport for telecommunication equipment. Among them, railway transportation is mainly applied to the launch of replacement parts such as engineering spare parts and express delivery of small contracts. The main advantages are: fixed transport lines and time, delivery plans are guaranteed, sporadic and bulk cargo shipments are appropriate, the disadvantage is that there are generally rough handling of certain procedures, the railway network coverage is limited, the antenna is less than extensive, deep and so on.
Air transport is mainly applied to the delivery of emergency contracts. Its advantages are: rapid and rapid shipping; disadvantages are limited volume and high cost of goods.
2 Basic characteristics of telecommunication equipment packaging China's telecommunications network has traditionally adopted a first-level network structure, which consists of a five-level switching center C5 and an end office in the local wind. Telecommunications equipment is in accordance with the basic characteristics of the telecommunications network, sub-stations included and shipped, so telecommunications equipment has the following packaging features.
2.1 The configuration of each contract is different. The packaging and delivery should be strictly divided according to the end office in the telecommunication network. Due to the difference in the networking mode and the inconsistency of the functions of each end office (terminal), capacity, and the actual situation of the project, the contract is caused. The contents of the equipment configured between different end offices between the contract and the contract are different. Therefore, telecommunication equipment does not have continuity or inheritance when it is packaged. It is easy to produce packaging quality accidents such as missed hair and missed hair without careful attention.
2.2 The containerized packaging according to the site clearly distinguishes the goods between the sites during the delivery process and avoids the mixing of goods at different sites. At present, some companies in the telecommunication equipment manufacturing industry form a uniform package of the same site's contracted goods in one package. The containerized packaging method. Due to the uneven quantity and volume of articles at each site, the container loading rate of the site container is not high. At the same time, for the large sites of some contracts, the volume of containers formed is large, and it is inconvenient for the telecom customers of the C4 and C5 offices with poor conditions below the county.
2.3 Various types of materials in the contract, high value and vulnerability Due to the complexity and uniqueness of the networking of telecommunication equipment, the contract for telecommunication equipment contains a large number of functional modules, software, cables, components (structures), connectors, and accessories. Parts, accessories and other types of materials. For example, a common terminal of a conference television system contains nearly 40 materials. Many of the contract materials have high-value and fragile features, such as some PCB boards in the SDH system. In particular, the value of an optical circuit board (OL) and a cross-connected board (CS) in the SDH may vary from tens of thousands to several tens of thousands of yuan. If these boards are not well protected against static electricity, vibration, and shock, they are easily damaged.
3 Combine the characteristics of telecom equipment delivery, improve the packaging design As telecom equipment is not directly facing consumer end-consumer products, the packaging of telecom equipment is a typical industrial packaging. Unlike consumer packaging that emphasizes the market, industrial packaging is a packaging that emphasizes logistics.
3.1 Based on teleportation, standardized packaging design Telecommunication equipment is widely used in wooden boxes to consolidate bulk materials (MCS), providing a basic management unit for logistics systems and improving the efficiency of operation and management. However, if the package design emphasizes one-sided packaging and does not adequately affect the weight and volume of the MCS, such as loading and unloading, then all logistics systems will be affected. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out standardized design based on the integration of telecommunications equipment.
Standardized containers are easy to identify and select during storage, and improve the stacking efficiency, reduce the degree of congestion in the warehouse, and apply consistent transport movements, improve the efficiency of continuous movement, and effectively improve the utilization rate of the car-loading cellar. In short, the standardized packaging box can contribute to the overall efficiency of the entire logistics system. Therefore, it is necessary to standardize the volume and weight of telecommunications equipment packaging on the basis of MCS. According to the relevant specifications, when the weight of the package exceeds 90kg, it must be relied on forklifts and other tools for loading and unloading. Considering the relatively backward means of loading and unloading by the C4 and C5 offices, 90kg should be used as the limit standard for the weight of truck-mounted telecom equipment. In terms of the volume of the packing box, the external dimensions of the containerized wooden box should fully consider the volume of the car's compartment, and the packing box can make full use of the vehicle loading volume after a reasonable stacking.
3.2 Improve the structure and form of packaging wooden boxes At present, telecommunication equipments generally adopt the plywood box at the position, and there are certain defects such as excessive packaging and high packaging costs for different programs. Therefore it is necessary to run the following improvements to the structure and form of the packaging wooden box:
(1) Carton cartonization: The cost of wooden carton packaging is usually more than 10 times that of carton, much higher than the cost of carton. And the weight of wooden boxes is much higher than that of cartons, virtually increasing the transportation costs. Thanks to the one-stop car transportation of telecommunication equipment, frequent transit and loading and unloading of goods on the way are avoided, and the chance of damage to cargo caused by rough handling is greatly reduced. After making necessary improvements to the packaging structure, the use of carton packaging can significantly reduce packaging and is easier to handle than wooden boxes. Therefore, it should be considered to change wooden packaging as much as possible into carton packaging. The shape rectifiers of the commercial communication network power supply are detached from the power rack and packed in wooden boxes, and it is entirely possible to consider using a carton pack after improving the buffer structure.
Some of the emergency telecommunications equipment contracts, overseas contracts, and improvements to the user's maintenance board, spare parts are often carried out by air. In air transportation, the weight is used as the unit of calculation for the shipping price. The use of wooden box packaging will greatly increase the cost of air transport. At the same time, due to the restrictions on the size of the aircraft cargo compartment entrance, the wooden box packaging items are relatively large, which in some cases virtually limit the possibility of air cargo. Therefore, it is more necessary to use carton packs instead of wooden packs for air transport.
(2) Improvement of wooden box structure: In the design of packaging wooden box, the original over-unified structural form should be changed, and some specialized packing box structure forms should be introduced according to the specific packaging. For communication power cabinets, due to the internal assembly of a number of conductive copper bars, air-openings, and large current wires, the weight of its own rack is generally heavier than that of ordinary telecommunication equipment cabinets. At the same time, the communication power cabinet structure has better rigidity and strength, and the use of wooden box packaging may not be very suitable at this time. Therefore, it is completely possible to use the composite box packaging of the wooden base and the upper lid of the carton: this not only satisfies the necessary external packaging strength requirements, but also significantly reduces the shipping weight and cost. Another example is the use of a grate wooden box for some of the simplest structural parts that are not required for the start of the project.
3.3 The packaging design should focus on reducing the cost of packaging The protection of goods is the main function of the packaging. The packaging design determines the degree of protection of the goods and packaging costs. Since telecom equipment is mainly based on one-stop automotive transportation, the buffer packaging design in automobile transportation should be designed for vibration prevention and impact prevention as the main design purposes, and anti-dropping, anti-rain and other unfavorable factors in loading, unloading and storage should be taken as Secondary factors in packaging design. In the specific design, the buffer package can be considered to be partially buffered by the key support points (such as: the angular cushion of the cabinet structure) to avoid the full buffer design. Especially for its own structure, it has good strength telecommunication cabinet packaging.
In terms of waterproofing, aluminum-coated film bags are commonly used for sealed packaging in moisture-proof packaging for telecommunication equipment. Because the moisture permeability of the aluminum-plated film is 1.5g/m2·d, which is much lower than the requirement of 10g/m2·d for the moisture permeability of the telecommunications equipment package, a small amount of water seeps through the inner wall of the box during the spray test. Leakage phenomenon, moisture-proof packaging can also play a good waterproof role of the outer package, so there is no need to do too much waterproofing the packaging box, liner and the use of sealing materials.
3.4 Packaging of high-value items (1) Choose an economical packaging scheme: The higher the value of the goods, the higher the cost of packaging and the higher the value of telecommunication equipment. However, not all high-value items are vulnerable items. High-quality items do not necessarily have to use high-cost packaging solutions, as long as a suitable and reliable packaging solution is chosen to provide good protection. For example, in an access network device, the structural design of the buffer material is conservative, and the buffer material accounts for 25% of the cost of the packaging material of a single device, while the cushion material in the general cabinet packaging only accounts for 10% of the cost of the packaging material of a single device. Therefore, we should correct the tendency of packaging of telecommunication equipment in the case of valuables that are packed with wooden boxes and use over-buffering structures, and carry out economical and reasonable buffering and protection.
(2) Concealing packaging identification information of high-value items; information transmission is a major aspect of packaging design, and the most obvious function of information transmission is to identify the packaged items. However, in order to reduce the possibility of theft, some of the high-value items in telecommunication equipment are the only package identification information that should be hidden. Hidden on the one hand can take a simple approach to eliminate product identification, on the other hand, it can also combine the characteristics of end-office collection and packaging of telecommunication equipment, and package some high-value items and other items in the same end office in a single standard. Collection box.
The above combined with the characteristics of telecommunication equipment shipments put forward the improvement of packaging design principles and specific improvements, in the packaging design can not be isolated and blindly emphasize a certain aspects, only the product packaging and the market and the user combined considerations in order to play its due effect . (Liu Zhaohui) (Shenzhen Zhongxing Communication Obligation Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057) (Packaging Engineering, Issue 5, 2001)
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