The football pitch is a rectangular field with specific dimensions and markings. The longer sides are called the touchlines, while the shorter sides are referred to as the goal lines. Both goal lines must be between 50 and 100 yards in length, and they must be of equal length. Similarly, the touchlines should also be of the same length, ranging from 100 to 130 yards. All lines on the field must have the same width, not exceeding 12 centimeters.
For international matches, the field size is strictly regulated by the International Football Association Board (IFAB). The standard dimensions for an international stadium are 100 to 110 meters (110 to 120 yards) in length and 65 to 75 meters (70 to 80 yards) in width. These measurements ensure consistency across major competitions.
In contrast, regular or amateur football fields can be more flexible. They typically range from 90 to 120 meters in length and 45 to 90 meters in width. The layout remains rectangular, with the longer sides being the touchlines and the shorter ones the goal lines.
To better understand the markings, let’s go through some key elements:
- **Halfway Line**: This line divides the field into two halves. The center spot, located at the midpoint of this line, is where the game starts. A central circle surrounds it, with a radius of 9.15 meters. During kick-offs, only the player taking the kick and the goalkeeper can be inside the circle.
- **Corner Flags**: These are placed at each corner of the field and must be at least 1.5 meters high. They help determine whether a ball has gone out of bounds over the sideline or into the corner, which results in a corner kick.
- **Corner Arcs**: Each corner has a quarter-circle arc with a 1-meter radius. This area is important during corner kicks.
- **Goalposts**: The goal consists of two vertical posts and a horizontal crossbar. The distance between the inner edges of the posts is 7.3 meters (8 yards), and the bottom of the posts is 2.44 meters (2.6 yards) above the ground. A net is usually placed behind the goal, though it is not mandatory in all matches.
- **Goal Area**: This is a smaller rectangle in front of the goal, extending 5.5 meters (6 yards) from the goal line. It’s used for goal kicks and free kicks awarded to the defending team.
- **Penalty Area**: Also known as the 18-yard box, it extends 16.5 meters (18 yards) from the goal line. The penalty spot is located 11 meters (12 yards) from the goal line, and a 9.15-meter arc is drawn around it. Only the kicker and the goalkeeper are allowed within this area during a penalty kick.
- **Offside Rule**: A player is considered offside if they are closer to the opponent's goal than the second-to-last defender (usually a defender) and are involved in play before the ball is played by a teammate.
In terms of gameplay, a standard match is divided into two halves of 45 minutes each, with a 15-minute break in between. If the score is tied after 90 minutes, extra time of 30 minutes may be played. If still no winner, a penalty shootout determines the result.
Each team has 11 players on the field, and substitutions are limited depending on the competition. Players can receive yellow cards for minor infractions and red cards for serious offenses. Two yellow cards lead to a one-game suspension, while a red card results in immediate ejection and possible further disciplinary action.
Other key rules include corner kicks, which are taken from the corner flag, and penalty kicks, awarded when a foul occurs inside the penalty area. Understanding these rules helps players and fans appreciate the structure and flow of the game.
Dish Garden
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