Tensile testing is a destructive method used to evaluate the mechanical properties of synthetic materials. The process begins by collecting a sample from the site that is at least 20cm x 20cm in size, which is then cut using a mechanical die. Alternatively, the test piece can be placed directly into a 50cm x 50cm mold on-site, ensuring that the thickness meets the design specifications. The material is then shaped into a dumbbell-shaped specimen, as illustrated in Figure 1.2.28 under "A" shape, or it can also be formed into a "B" shaped bar. Once the specimens are prepared, they must be kept at a constant temperature of 23°C for 24 hours before testing.
Following the conditioning period, the samples are subjected to a tensile failure test using a universal testing machine. The machine stretches the specimen at a controlled rate of 100 mm/min until the material breaks. During this process, detailed records are taken, including the stress-strain curve, which helps in analyzing the material's behavior under tension. This data is crucial for assessing the quality and durability of the synthetic surface.
If the synthetic material consists of a single-component dehydrated silicone rubber, it must be allowed to cure for a minimum of 14 days before the tensile test is conducted. If the initial results do not meet the required standards, additional tests should be performed on similar specimens after another 14-day curing period. This ensures that the material has fully hardened and the test results are accurate and reliable.
The tensile strength requirements are set by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). For non-porous synthetic surfaces, the minimum tensile force at break should be at least 0.5 MPa, while for porous surfaces, the minimum tensile force at break must not be less than 0.4 MPa. These thresholds ensure that the material is strong enough to withstand the demands of athletic use and maintain its integrity over time.
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