Tensile testing is a destructive method used to evaluate the strength of synthetic materials. To conduct the test, a sample measuring at least 20cm x 20cm is taken directly from the site and cut using a mechanical die. Alternatively, the sample can be molded on-site using a 50cm x 50cm mold, ensuring the thickness meets the design specifications. The material is then shaped into a dumbbell-shaped specimen, as shown in Figure 1.2.28 labeled as "A," or it may also be formed into a "B" shape. Once the specimens are prepared, they must be stored at a constant temperature of 23°C for 24 hours to stabilize their properties.
After this conditioning period, the samples are placed into a tensile testing machine. The machine stretches the specimen at a rate of 100 mm/min until failure occurs. During the test, stress and strain data are continuously recorded, generating a stress-strain curve that provides valuable insight into the material’s behavior under tension.
If the synthetic material consists of a single-component dehydrated silicone rubber, it must be allowed to dry for a minimum of 14 days before testing. If the initial results do not meet the required standards, the test should be repeated on similar specimens after an additional 14-day drying period.
The test results must comply with the requirements set by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF). For non-porous synthetic surfaces, the minimum tensile strength at break should be at least 0.5 MPa, while for porous surfaces, the minimum tensile force at break must be no less than 0.4 MPa. These standards ensure that the material is suitable for its intended use, particularly in sports applications where durability and performance are critical.
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