The fresh snow can be melted into water. But before drinking, make sure that they are completely melted. Melting ice and snow in the mouth absorbs heat from the body and may cause injuries in the body due to cold.
You can use body temperature to melt snow. Put the snow in the water bag, and then put the bag between several layers of clothes, this process is slower, but you can use this method when traveling, or no fire.
Note: If there are other sources of potable water, do not waste fuel to melt snow and ice.
If there is ice, melting ice is better than melting snow because a cup of ice melts more water than a cup of snow melts, and the ice melts faster than snow.
You can put water bags, food cans, or temporary containers on the fire to melt ice and snow. Put a small amount of ice and snow in the container first, wait for it to melt into water, then add ice and snow to it.
Another way to melt snow and ice is to put ice and snow in a bag of porous material, then hang the bag over the fire and place a container under the bag to catch the water.
Do not drink too much water before going to bed in cold weather. Climbing out of a warm sleeping bag at night to relieve her hands means less rest time and more exposure to the cold.
Food source
There are several food sources in the polar region. The type of food - fish, animals, birds, or plants - and how easy it is to get food depends on the season and your location.
Fish. In summer, it is easy to catch fish and other aquatic animals from the coast, in streams, in rivers, or in lakes. You can use the methods described in Chapter 7 to capture them.
The waters of the North Atlantic and North Pacific coasts are rich in aquatic products. You can easily find aquatic animals such as crayfish, snails, clams, oysters, and king crabs. In areas where the high tide level and the low tide level are very different, you can easily find shellfish at low tide. It can be excavated on the flat sandy land formed by the retreating tide, looking for the blisters formed by the ebb tide and the reefs near the shore. In areas where there is little difference between high tide levels and low tide levels, storm-induced waves often flush shellfish to the beach.
The spiny sea urchin eggs that live in the Aleutian Islands and southern Alaska are very delicious food. You can search for sea urchins in the blisters formed by the tide. Put it between two stones and smash it. The sea urchin's eggs are bright yellow.
Most northern fish and fish eggs are edible, except for the Arctic sharks and the eggs of the fatherfish.
Bivalves - such as oysters and mussels - are usually more delicious than spiral shells such as snails.
Warning: Black mussels are one of the most common mollusks in the north and may be highly toxic in any season. Sometimes the toxins found in the mussels are as dangerous as the ninans.
Sea cucumbers are also edible marine animals. In its body there are five long white muscles, which taste almost like oyster meat.
In the early summer, the smelts will spawn in the waves at the seaside, and sometimes you can fish them by hand.
Macroalgae is a long banded seagrass, and it is also edible, as well as other smaller seagrasses grown on near-shore rocks. In midsummer, you can often find salmon eggs from seagrass.
Ocean ice animals. Polar bears can be found in almost all Arctic coasts, but they are basically not seen in the interior. If possible, try to avoid polar bears, which are the most dangerous of all bears. They are tireless, clever hunters, with excellent sight and a particularly keen sense of smell. If you must kill a bear for food, be very careful when approaching it, aim it at the head when shooting, and shoot it almost anywhere else. Bear meat must be cooked before eating.
Warning: Do not eat liver because it contains a large number of dangerous high concentrations of vitamin A.
Earless seal meat is also one of the delicious. However, approaching an earless seal and killing it requires some technology. In spring, seals often lie on the ice near the ice caves they breathe. They will look up every thirty seconds to see if their enemies, polar bears, appear.
The seals can be approached by Eskimos: When a mongoose sleeps, it slowly approaches it from its downwind position. If the seal moves, it should stop immediately, lying on the ice like it, and keep looking up, and Slightly twist your body. Use the body side to approach the seals forward, arms close to the body, try to make yourself look like another seal. The edge of the air hole in the seal is very slippery and tilts inwards. The seal can slide into the water with just a slight movement. Therefore, try to get close to the seal 25 to 50 yards (23 to 48 meters) and kill it quickly (aim the head). Try to catch the seal before it slides into the water. In winter, dead seals are usually waterborne, but it is difficult to drag them onto the ice.
If you have bruises or skin damage, do not let seal fat and skin touch your wound, because you may suffer from the so-called "fat finger", your fingers will be very swollen.
Remember, there are usually polar bears in places where there are seals, and polar bears are well-known seal killers.
Seals and walruses are required to live on large floes. Seals are very curious, and you can sometimes attract them to the range. Walruses are very lazy, but they can become quite dangerous at close range. It is best to approach them with boats. It's best to kill walruses and seals on ice instead of water, so that you can get corpses easier. Shoot the walrus while aiming at the neck below its head. From the walrus, in addition to meat, sometimes you can get milk. After killing a walrus, you can milk it. A walrus can usually get 16 quarts (18 liters) of milk, or a walrus. After an hour, it can be squeezed, and almost the same amount of milk can be obtained.
Warning: The walrus's liver must not be eaten. Like the liver of a polar bear, it contains a high concentration of vitamin A.
Land animals. Mosses, caribou, mountain goats, mountain goats, elk, and bears land animals have been found in certain areas of the polar region.
Mooses are often found in bushy places where it can rush to people. In winter, climbing to a hill or a tree, you may find the “smoke†of the animal (the water in the body evaporates and condenses into a mist that looks like a smoke from a small pile of fire). This “smoke†may be the body of a moose. dispatched.
The traces of caribou have been relocated in the Arctic, and they have been spotted in Alaska, Northern Canada, Western Grelan, and Siberia. In winter, they eat in the tundra; in the summer they migrate to the sea or mountains.
In winter, mountain sheep will migrate to lower elevations and feed on the ground in the valley. They are alert and difficult to access. Stand taller than them, and when they eat, approach them from the side of the wind, so you may have the opportunity to go close enough to shoot them.
Elk lives in the northern parts of the island of Gelinland and on the Canadian archipelago. Their footprints and excrement resemble cattle's footprints and excrement. Once disturbed, the elk will gather together. If other animals are close, the male roe may rush toward the close.
Bears are very dangerous, especially when it is frightened or injured, or when they are with bears. If you find a large piece of turf that has been destroyed, it is likely that the bear had been excavating the roots or looking for a gopher. Do not shoot at bears unless you are sure that you can kill it. To aim at the ears, neck, or behind the shoulders. Bears hibernate in winter.
Polar regions still have wolf infestations.
There are trees growing in the southern part of the Arctic, and porcupines can be found. The porcupine feeds on the bark, so if you find stripped bare branches, you may find porcupines here.
Thunderbirds, owls, and big crows are the only birds in the polar region in winter. They are very rare in the north of the tree line. Thunderbirds and owls are as delicious as other wild birds. The crows are too thin and not worth the effort to catch them. Thunderbirds change color depending on the environment, which makes them difficult to find. Thunderbirds always appear in pairs and are easily accessible. Liu Lei birds live in the willows in the lowlands of the river. They always get together and are easy to catch. In summer, all polar birds have 2 to 3 weeks of hair removal. Birds at this stage are not afraid of people and are easy to catch. You can use the methods described in Chapter 7 to capture them.
They must be skinned and slaughtered if their prey is still warm (see Chapter 7). If you do not have time to skin the animal, remove at least the internal organs, taste glands and genitals of the prey before storage. If time permits, the meat is cut into pieces, frozen separately, and taken out when necessary. All animal fats are left except seal fat. In winter, the prey will freeze quickly in the outdoors. In the summer, you can store animals in ice holes in the ground.
plant. Although there are no trees, there are still a lot of plants growing in the tundra during the warm season, but the plants here are shorter than those in warm climates. For example, polar willows and birch trees are more likely to be shrubs than trees.
The edible plants found in the polar regions have the following: (Serial)
Some polar plants may become poisoned after eating. Only those plants that you know can be eaten should be selected. If you are not sure, use the universal test for edible food.
Marching
When you live or escape in the polar regions, you will encounter many obstacles. The type of the obstacle and its danger depend on your location and season. you should--
â— Avoid going in a snowstorm.
â— Be careful when crossing a thin layer of ice. You can lie flat on the surface of the ice. This will spread your weight distribution.
â— When crossing the river, wait until the river water level is at its lowest. Normal icing and thawing may cause the water level to vary by 6.5 to 8 feet (2 to 2.5 meters) during the day. The freezing and thawing process can occur at any time of the day, depending on the distance from the river to the glaciers, temperature, and terrain. The change of water level should also be taken into account when camping on the riverside.
â— Taking into account the polar clear air, it will affect your estimate of the distance. Underestimated distances occur more often than overestimated distances.
◠Try to avoid going in a “white sky†environment. In the absence of contrast, you cannot judge natural terrain.
â— When you cross the snowy bridge, you can only pass the snow bridge that is at right angles to the flow barrier. Use a stick or hail to find the most solid part of the snow bridge. To spread the weight, you can climb over, or wear snowshoes or skis.
â— Begin camping early in the day so that you can guarantee enough time to build a shelter before dark.
â— Consideration should be given to using rivers, whether iced or uniced, as a road of progress. Ice-covered rivers usually have no soft snow and are therefore easier to walk than on land.
â— Wear snow Shoes when walking in areas covered by thick snow. Snowfall of 12 inches (30.5 cm) or more can make walking very difficult, and if the footwear is wet, it can lead to war foot or frostbite. If you don't have snow shoes, you can do it yourself with willow, cloth, leather, or other suitable material.
Without snowshoeing or snowboarding, walking on thick snow is almost impossible. And the deep footprints left on the snow will provide excellent clues for all followers. If you must travel in thick snow, avoid the snow-covered river. The thick snow has the effect of insulation and may prevent the ice from freezing under the snow. If you are in a mountainous area, avoid places where avalanches may occur. In areas where there is a risk of avalanches, choose to travel in the early morning hours. On the ridge, the snow will gather in an area of ​​leeward, forming a hanging snow pile called a snow owl. Ferrets often extend far beyond the ridge and may break when stepped on.
Weather signs
There are many good ways to predict weather changes.
wind. You can throw a few leaves or grass into the air, or observe the top of the tree to identify the direction of the wind. After discerning the wind, you can predict what the upcoming weather will be. The rapidly moving wind indicates an unstable atmosphere, indicating that the weather is likely to change.
cloud. See Chapter 20.
smoke. The rising column of smoke is fine and straight, indicating that the weather is clear. If the smoke column is very low or moves horizontally, it means the storm is approaching.
Birds and insects. In heavy, humid air, birds and insects fly lower than usual, indicating that it is likely to rain. Before the storm, most insects became active, but the bees were busy until the weather was fine.
Low pressure. The wind speed is slow, not even noticeable, and the air is heavy and humid, which all indicate the low pressure peak. With low pressure peaks, the weather will certainly deteriorate and it may last for several days. You can "smell" and "hear" the depression: Stuttering, moist air makes the wilderness much more noticeable than high pressure. In addition, the sound at low pressure will be clearer and spread farther than high pressure.
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