Maria Montessori is a world-renowned child educator in the twentieth century. The unique early childhood education law she founded has swept the world and profoundly affected the education and social development of countries, especially those in Europe and America.
[Chinese and foreign toy nets · consumer culture] The Montessori education law is characterized by the importance of early childhood education. Her teaching methods range from children's intellectual training, sensory training to sports training, from respecting children's self-esteem to fostering independent will, from civilians. Education to aristocratic education, she has been engaged in the development of children's intellectual development for more than half a century of educational experiments and research, dedicated her life, won the love and respect of the people of the world. --editor
"I have a lot of things to do in my life!"
In 1870, Italy ended the reunification of the civil war in successive years, but due to years of war, the spirits were smeared and illiterate. On August 31 of this year, Maria Montessori was born in the city of Chiaravalle in the Ancona region of Italy. Her father, Alessandro Montessori, is a noble descendant and a conservative and civil servant. Herald, a young educated, is a well-educated, loved one, loves to read, learns, and is open-minded. This is especially valuable in a town where most people are illiterate. The couple are like-minded and enthusiastic about the liberation and unification of Italy. Their parents' ambitions have deeply influenced their only daughter Maria Montessori, which has enabled her to develop self-discipline, independent personality and sympathy for the weak. .
When Montessori was 5 years old, her family moved to Rome because of her father's transfer. This created an opportunity for her to receive a good education. She studied at a local national school. She is confident, optimistic, intelligent, and often plays a leading role in games and conversations.
Since childhood, Montessori’s self-esteem has been very strong. One teacher disrespected the students. One time the teacher mentioned her eyes with a slightly insulting tone. In order to protest, Montessori never raised the "eyes" in front of the teacher. She thought that the child is also a person. It also needs to be respected.
Montessori is with the children of the Children's Home
The care for the disadvantaged is rooted in the heart of Little Montessori, who often goes out for a walk with the humpback little girl next door. At the age of 10, once a small Montessori was very ill, the mother was anxious, but she said: "Don't worry, mother, I can't die, I still have a lot to do in my life!"
When the girls were doing the romantic dream of Prince Charming, Montessori was eager to read, and with her unyielding efforts, she finally became the first female medical doctor in Italy and devoted herself to the education of children.
At the age of 13, with the support of his mother, Montessori entered the Michelangelo Industrial School, which had few girls to choose, despite the opposition of his father and relatives. At the age of 16, she graduated with honors and decided to break through the barriers of “women only suitable for the profession of teachers†and enrolled at the Reggio da Vinci Institute of Technology to become an engineer. During her studies, she became fascinated with biology. So when she graduated from the technical college at the age of 20, she decided to go to medical school and planned to be a doctor in the future.
The University of Rome Medical School has never recruited women, and of course rejected Montessori’s application for admission. But Montessori is not a renegade person. She met with the famous professor and surgeon of the world and Zhu Duo Baseri, then Minister of Education. After having a pleasant conversation, Barceli told Montessori that she could not go to college as a medical student, but Montessori firmly said: "I must learn medicine!"
Eventually Pope Leo XIII came forward to speak, Montessori was able to register at the University of Rome, studying physics, mathematics and natural sciences. When a small number of female students in the university are doing the romantic dream of Prince Charming, Montessori is eager to read professional books. In just two years, she obtained a professional diploma with an accuracy rate of 80%. Rao’s efforts were finally accepted by the medical school.
At the time, it was unreasonable for a woman to work with men, and the body organs facing the patient were even more serious. Montessori entered the medical school and was so angry that his father interrupted her financial support. Montessori used the scholarship and the income of a private teacher to solve most of the tuition fees, and the mother continued to support her.
In the medical school, because she was not allowed to go to the anatomy class with her male classmates, Montessori had to dissect the body alone. Her concentration and dedication made her gradually win the respect of the students. In 1896, Montessori graduated with honors and became the first female medical doctor in Italy. After graduation, Montessori was hired by the San Giovanni Hospital affiliated to the University of Rome to treat and educate children with intellectual disabilities.
In 1897, when Montessori participated in a research project at the psychoanalysis clinic of the University of Rome, at the age of 27, she met G. Montesano, who was two years older than herself. The flower of love bloomed, but she did not enter the marriage. The specific reasons for this have not been known. Perhaps in a society that was very conservative at the time, women like Montessori who strived for equality and freedom and pursued career development were doomed to be unable to obtain the happiness of marriage.
At the end of March 1898, Montessori’s only son, Mario Montessori, was born. Montessori's mother worried that this would ruin her daughter's future, so she would be a small cousin in a country cousin not far from Rome. Montessori regularly visited him as an aunt. It was not until 1912 that Montessori’s mother died that the 15-year-old Mario returned to her mother. And until Mario was 40, their mother-child relationship was made public.
At the age of 27, Montessori, her life ideals had another important turning point. In order to complete the research project, Montessori needs to visit a relief facility for mentally and mentally handicapped patients. In a children's relief, the caretaker told her with a disgusted expression how these children competed for bread crumbs on the ground, greedy and dirty. Montessori saw that there was nothing in the room for children to play with or play, and the manager’s attitude was bad. She deeply felt that this environment can only accelerate the decline of children’s intelligence and deprive them of opportunities for development.
Montessori is determined to help these children with her knowledge and wisdom. She studied the educational and ideological methods of the famous French child psychologists Ita and Segen. She realized that the most important thing in treating children's psychological defects is not medical problems. It is the issue of education. Montessori joined the National Association of Mentally Handicapped Children and established a school for mentally handicapped children with G. Montesano. Two years later, the children of Montessori School took the test together with the children of the public elementary school in the Roman County. As a result, her children performed better on the test than normal children.
"I am like a farmer. Although I refused good seeds, I got a fertile land. I dug up the soil and found that it was not food but gold: there are precious treasures in these soils."
On January 6, 1907, Montessori established her first "Children's Home" in the Roman civilian area, recruiting children aged 3-6 and teaching with their own original methods. She wrote in her diary: "In addition to more than 50 extremely poor, ragged and timid children, I have nothing, and many of them are crying. The parents who entrusted the children to my care are almost illiterate. Those who attended the opening ceremony were surprised to ask: 'Why does Miss Montessori want to provide such a good shelter to the poor?'
In this way, I started my work. I was like a farmer. Although I refused good seeds, I got a fertile land. The results were also unexpected. I dug the earth and found that it was not food but gold: there are precious treasures in these soils. â€
Soon, one thing caught the attention of Montessori. A 3-year-old girl kept putting some cylinders in different containers and then taking them out. She repeated the practice over and over again with great interest. In order to see how much she can concentrate on it, Montessori asked the teacher to sing with other children and walk around, but this did not interfere with the work of the little girl. Montessori tried to lift the small chair she was sitting on. She grabbed the object she was working on and put it on her knee to continue. The exercise was repeated 42 times, then she stopped, as if she had just woken up from her dreams and smiled happily. She didn't even notice that someone had interfered with her.
The average person thinks that this little girl is at an age where her attention is not sustainable, and she is so focused on doing something that she does not feel the outside stimulation. In the later training, Montessori continued to find similar situations, and each time the children experienced the experience of repeated practice, they felt some great happiness. Montessori later attributed it to “repetitive practiceâ€, arguing that focusing on certain activities is the main way for children to develop themselves. The spontaneous activities of children seem to be tedious repetitions. In fact, children’s work is shaping themselves. The spiritual world, this is the secret of children's development.
In the "Children's Home", the toy items used by children are distributed by the teacher and are then taken back by the teacher after they are used up. Whenever the teacher takes back the item, the children will stand up from the seat. No matter how many times the teacher sends them back to their seat, the child will still go to the teacher, so the teacher thinks the children are not obedient.
Montessori realized that the child wanted to put the items back to their original position, and she allowed them to do so, and the children started a new experience. They are fascinated by the orderly placement of items and will arrange the items neatly. If a child breaks a glass, the other children will run over to pick up the glass and clean the floor. On one occasion, the teacher accidentally knocked over a box containing 80 small squares whose colors changed gradually. The teacher is very embarrassed, because it is very difficult to arrange so many small squares with different colors. At this time, the children quickly arranged the small squares in the correct color order, showing a sensitivity far better than that of adults.
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