Fluidized bed furnace technology has become a promising approach in energy-saving applications, particularly in the utilization of heat from overflow ash. Wang Wei, from the Department of Building Thermal Energy at Harbin University of Architecture, explores the potential and challenges of this innovative boiler system. Developed in the early 1960s, fluidized bed furnaces use a unique combustion method that allows for efficient burning of low-quality fuels such as coal gangue, oil shale, and anthracite. This technology not only helps reduce sulfur emissions but also offers advantages like good heat transfer, simple structure, and low cost.
Despite its benefits, the fluidized bed furnace still faces several limitations, including relatively low thermal efficiency and severe wear on heat exchange surfaces. These issues hinder its widespread adoption. The author proposes the integration of an economizer on the ash side to recover waste heat from the overflow ash, which can significantly improve boiler efficiency. The temperature of the overflow ash typically reaches around 900°C, making it a valuable resource for heat recovery.
The proposed system involves installing a heat exchanger where water pipes are arranged between two headers, allowing the overflow ash to pass over the tubes and transfer its heat to the water. This process reduces physical heat loss and enhances the overall thermal efficiency of the system. Calculations show that by utilizing the heat from the overflow ash, energy savings can be substantial, especially for large-scale fluidized bed boilers operating year-round.
In addition to the technical feasibility, the economic value of using this heat for preheating water or generating steam is considerable. Other methods, such as mixing the hot ash directly with water or using it in a water tank with a coil, also show great potential. Overall, the thermal energy recovery from overflow ash represents a practical and sustainable solution for improving energy efficiency in fluidized bed furnace systems.
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